Sentences with phrase «from small mutations»

Cancer cells can harbor a broad variety of genetic errors, from small mutations to wholesale swaps of DNA between chromosomes.

Not exact matches

Each genetic mutation produces only a very small change in the biological features of the organism, but such small changes accumulate over immense periods of time and lead to the evolution of new species from old.

She adds that the small numbers mean researchers must also use robust statistical techniques to distinguish meaningful tumor signals from random mutations and errors.

Excoffier and his colleagues developed theoretical models predicting that if modern humans migrated as small bands, then the populations that broke off from their original African family should progressively accumulate slightly harmful mutations — a mutation load.

If a bacterial population can become antibiotic - resistant even when only a small number of individuals have the appropriate genetic mutations, doctors who collect and analyze small bacterial specimens from patients may underestimate just how resistant the infection is as a whole, Collins notes.

And judging from the small number of mutations it had accumulated, it came from there only about a thousand years ago.

In an independent effort, they introduced progressively smaller pieces of DNA from the large region known to contain the gene into embryos of the mutant mice, looking for the smallest piece that would correct the mutation in adult mice and restore a normal rhythm.

«This illustrates how big steps in evolution can sometimes proceed from a single small mutation,» Zakon says.

The team also found that the flightless cormorants have an abnormally high number of genetic mutations affecting cilia — small, hair - like structures that protrude from cells and regulate everything from normal development to reproduction.

Though smaller in number, some patients with advanced disease and carrying a BRCA mutation may benefit from the same targeted therapy being used today in the clinic to successfully treat some ovarian cancer patients.»

Next - generation sequencing — the ability to sequence millions or billions of small fragments of DNA in parallel — has revolutionized the biological sciences, playing an essential role in everything from locating mutations that cause human disease to determining how a newly discovered animal fits into the tree of life.

Dr. Disney and his group studied the structure of the RNA that resulted from the C9ORF72 mutation, and then designed the lead small - molecules.

But because the vinclozolin - induced fertility changes occurred in almost every male rat descended from a treated mother rather than in a small percentage of offspring (as is seen in germ line mutations caused by radiation), Skinner suspects an epigenetic mechanism — a change that doesn't mutate the DNA sequence of an animal, but rather affects how genes are expressed.

Their findings confirm much of the observations from previous smaller studies, and offer some new insights into the patterns of de novo mutations throughout the human genome.

Zinc finger nucleases [1], [2], transcription activator - like effector nucleases [3], [4] and homing meganucleases [5] have provided powerful tools to induce targeted mutations in the form of small insertions or deletions derived from DNA break repair of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination.

«Small changes in these proteins, as much as the mutation of a single residue, can greatly alter behavior, so it gives you a way to go directly from biochemical reactivity to behavior, which is quite amazing.»

Single cell genomics: thinking small by Iain Macaulay We all emerged from a single cell and it only takes a mutation in a single cell to cause disease.

Mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme sucrase - isomaltase, responsible for the digestion of small carbohydrates from sugars and starches called disaccharides.

Heavy use of antibiotics can cause resistance, which results from a small subset of a bacteria population with a random mutation that allows it to survive exposure to the chemical.

This finding prompted us to request a small grant from the Tibetan Terrier Health and Welfare Foundation to estimate the relative importance of the C2orf71 mutation as a cause of PRA in Tibetan Terriers.

Genuine miniature cats come from breeding lines where the trait has been, or is being, fixed by selective breeding and where the cats are a consistently small size due to genetic mutation or to progressive downsizing.

These look like torties, i.e. red with small black spots or patches but are genetically red / red tabby cats with localised skin mutations or are chimaeras (resulting from 2 fused embryos).