Yes, they eat plankton, but get 90 % of their food
from their symbiotic algae.
And, again, (as I complained about in the Dark Below) there will not be a single word or comment
from your symbiotic partner, your Ghost.
In 1966, Margulis provided evidence that mitochondria, molecular machines that help cells produce energy, and chloroplasts, which help plant cells turn sunlight into sugar, originated
from symbiotic bacteria.
Others, such as nitrogen - fixing legumes, benefit
from symbiotic relationships with rhizobia that create ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen.
Some of the colors of both species come
from symbiotic algae that live inside the coral animal's cells.
Adult corals of the species Pocillopora damicornis get most of their nutrition
from symbiotic algae that live inside them, providing metabolic energy by photosynthesis.
Not exact matches
But it does say something about the evolution of real estate marketing as a discipline distinct
from development and sales during the city's decade - long housing boom, and its
symbiotic relationship with the media.
This
symbiotic relationship allowed China investment to expand while the United States benefited
from a ready, willing and able creditor.
Takeaways include features of the Berkshire System
from the shareholders» viewpoint: (1) Berkshire is unusually congenial to taxable shareholders, enhancing compounding rates considerably; (2) Berkshire's internal cultural features such as autonomy, decentralization, and permanence help attract sellers of high - quality companies to selll to Berkshire at reasonable prices with managers who stay on and become substantial shareholders; and (3) There is a close
symbiotic connection between features (1) and (2) that reinforces Berkshire's high compounding rate and long time horizon.
Takeaways include features of the Berkshire System
from the shareholders» viewpoint: (1) Berkshire is unusually congenial to taxable shareholders, enhancing compounding rates considerably; (2) Berkshire's internal cultural features such as autonomy, decentralization, and permanence help attract sellers of high - quality companies to sell to Berkshire at reasonable prices with managers who stay on and become substantial shareholders; and (3) There is a close
symbiotic connection between features (1) and (2) that reinforces Berkshire's high compounding rate and long time horizon.
In Afghanistan, there is a
symbiotic relationship between narco - traffickers and the insurgency, as narcotics traffickers provide revenue and arms to the insurgency, while insurgents provide protection to growers and traffickers to prevent the government
from interfering with their activities.
The
symbiotic centers of such power nexus have substantially shifted
from the nation state structures to the global corporate entities.
The Faustian notion of freedom as the absence of superego constraints or restrictions
from the side of tradition is thus revealed to be bondage of the will in separation
from and yet in
symbiotic dependence upon the heritage.
From my own personal observations of my own life, there is a
symbiotic relationship between charismatic leaders and their followers that is complex and subtle.
The
symbiotic centers of the power nexus have shifted substantially
from the nation state structures to the global corporate entities, deeply affecting the life of the people, and their communities.
From «Realism» to «
Symbiotic Realism»
Madison notes the dangers and instabilities feared in a federal system, especially the concern that the national government could take too much power
from the states or that the states might overthrow the national government, but argues that the federal system prevents this by being naturally harmonious and
symbiotic; that the national government can not operate without the state governments, while the state governments gain major benefits
from the national government.
He and his colleagues had been working there since 2007, taking samples seasonally
from six colonies of Orbicella faveolata, also known as mountainous star coral, and their associated
symbiotic algae.
Bifiguratus adelaidae may have a
symbiotic function in roots, having been detected in orchid and chestnut roots, but it is also well - documented in soils
from north temperate zones.»
Far
from being passive hangers - on,
symbiotic microbes may shape the evolution of the plants and animals that play host to them
Boyd et al. sequenced the genomes of
symbiotic bacteria
from human lice as well as the closely related chimpanzee, gorilla and red colobus monkey lice.
Boyd also noted that «congruence between the evolutionary trees of lice and
symbiotic bacteria can be traced to 20 - 25 mya when the lice parasitizing monkeys diverged
from a common ancestor of hominid lice.»
Indeed, the same mycorrhizal fungi identified
from decomposing trees harvested
from the original orchid habitat were also detected in growing orchids; clearly the fungi and Orchidaceae were
symbiotic.
Now researchers in California and Virginia have identified
symbiotic bacteria living on amphibians» skins that protects them
from the deadly fungal disease, and later this summer the scientists will collect some of the microbial samples, culture them in the lab, and use the product to inoculate some frogs in California's Sierra Nevada to see if the approach stops chytrid in the wild.
Dr Greg Edgecombe
from The Natural History Museum in London, a co-author on the study, says: «Evidence of
symbiotic relationships are rare in the invertebrate fossil record, and this beautiful example shows how these associations began to develop as ecosystems became more complex in the Cambrian Period.
By contrast, in the tube worm millions of
symbiotic bacteria that dwell within the its large plumes grab hydrogen sulfide and other noxious chemicals that seep
from the vents and convert them into food and energy for their host, a process called chemosynthesis.
One theory is that the sponge's transparent framework collects the glow
from luminescent,
symbiotic microbes and concentrates it into a network of miniature spotlights that attract prey.
New research
from the National Museum of Natural History's Smithsonian Marine Station scientist Seabird McKeon and the museum's predoctoral fellow Jenna Moore of the Florida Museum of Natural History has helped unravel the complex
symbiotic relationship between these crabs and the coral reefs they live in and defend.
«The remarkable finding
from this study was that the reduction in spawning persisted for three additional years, long after the corals had regained their
symbiotic partners and regained their normal appearance,» Levitan said.
Most of these bacteria are
symbiotic, drawing
from and providing for the plant in ways such as nitrogen - fixing and leaf - protection.
Researchers
from the University of Southampton and the New York University Abu Dhabi identified the
symbiotic algae in corals
from Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, the world's warmest coral reef habitat.
One such effect, called bleaching, occurs when the
symbiotic algae that are essential for providing nutrients to the coral either lose their identifying photosynthetic pigmentation and their ability to perform photosynthesis or disappear entirely
from the coral's tissue.
Many ant species live in often highly specific
symbiotic relationships with plants
from which both partners benefit.
Professor Brockhurst said the team, which also included researchers
from the University of Sheffield, tested the
symbiotic relationship of the protozoa and algae across gradients of different light intensity.
Mycoheterotrophy is a term derived
from Greek to describe the bizarre
symbiotic relationship between some plants and fungi, where the plant gets nutrients parasitizing upon fungi, rather than using photosynthesis.
Cut off
from their oceanic relatives for millions of years, the golden jellies, Mastigias papua etpisoni, have lost much of their sting and evolved a
symbiotic relationship with algae that live in their tissues, lending their eponymous golden color.
Researchers indicate that the warmer water temperatures are stressing corals and increasing the number of bleaching events, where corals become white resulting
from a loss of their
symbiotic algae.
Some of those carbon products transfer
from the roots to
symbiotic fungi and soil microbes, which store the carbon in the soil as humus.
The
symbiotic bacteria
from the Coriobacteriaceae family provide essential vitamins.
They say that genes
from wasps have been transferred to several butterfly species, including the monarch, by
symbiotic viruses used as biological weapons by parasitic wasps.
As plant species spread
from their nutrient - rich tropical origins, however, the root tips of plants such as the desert shrub species Tamarix ramosissima (left of largest cross section) evolved to be thinner so they could more efficiently explore soil for nutrients, and they have less dependence on
symbiotic fungi.
This highlights the value of investigating host — microbe relationships
from all branches of the tree of life, including those in which only a single
symbiotic species is involved.
Symbiotic relationships occur on a spectrum
from parasitism (one species benefits at the expense of the other, such as a tick that sucks its host's blood) to mutualism (both organisms benefit, like when certain ants farm aphids for their honeydew while in return protecting them
from predators).
This 50 - milliliter flask contains a
symbiotic mix of bacteria derived
from compost that was maintained for three years.
In biology,
symbiotic relationships can be described as mutualistic, where both partners benefit
from the interaction; commensalistic, where one partner benefits and the other partner does not benefit and is not harmed; and parasitic, where one partner benefits at a cost to the other.
Exploiting habitats that are often or mostly out of water required new
symbiotic relationships to contain and move water, including the fusion of some fungi and algae to create lichen in communities with bacteria that survive extreme desiccation on land while breaking down rock into soil, and the association of mycorrhizae fungi and the root tissue of new vascular plants — culminating in trees that pump water high into the air — to exchange mineral nutrients (e.g., phosphorus) and usable «fixed» nitrogen
from the atmosphere for photosynthetic products.
This endosymbiosis, or
symbiotic merging of two cells, enabled the evolution of a highly stable and successful organisms with the capacity to use energy
from sunlight through photosynthesis.
Animals acquire their
symbiotic microbes in a variety of ways, by touching things or
from the very process of being born.
The Harrison lab also studies how plants find and take up phosphorus
from the soil when they do not have these
symbiotic relationships with fungi.
Jellyfish have
symbiotic relationships with living things of all sizes,
from fish and shrimp that feed off them or off the pieces of food left between their tentacles, to single - celled photosynthesizing organisms that take shelter inside the cytoplasm of the jellyfish's cells.