The overall trend discerned
from the tide gauge data, according to Wolfgang Scherer, Director of Australia's National Tidal Facility, remains flat.
SLR calculated
from Tide Gauge data that has not been corrected by a Continuous Operating GPS Reference System station for vertical land movement, preferably one attached to the same structure as the tide gauge, are not fit for purpose of determining any sort of Global Mean Sea Level or its rise (or fall).
Observed sea level rise since 1970
from tide gauge data (red) and satellite measurements (blue) compared to model projections for 1990 - 2010 from the IPCC Third Assessment Report (grey band).
The «zoo» of global sea level curves calculated
from tide gauge data has grown — tomorrow a new reconstruction of our US colleagues around Carling Hay from Harvard University will appear in Nature (Hay et al. 2015).
Rates of sea - level rise calculated
from tide gauge data tend to exceed bottom - up estimates derived from summing loss of ice mass, thermal expansion and changes in land storage.
Not exact matches
Even when there doesn't happen to be an overpass at surge time, the statistics of sea level that we got
from more than 20 years of repeated altimetric observations in the area can still be combined with
data from nearby
tide gauges to improve the forecasts of the expected surge.»
Raw
data collected
from altimeters have been re-processed and collated with wind speed
data from scatterometers and sea level measurements
from tide gauges, to show the spatial structure of each storm.
Others have used
tide gauge data to measure GMSL acceleration, but scientists have struggled to pull out other important details
from tide -
gauge data, such as changes in the last couple of decades due to more active ice sheet melt.
Oceanographer Benjamin Hamlington set out to see if he could find an El Niño sea level rise signal around U.S. coasts, by putting together
data from tide gauges and satellite altimeters, which measure sea surface heights.
Error bars don't go away, they do shrink greatly once we have additional
data from tide gauge sites and then
from the global network of
tide gauge sites (the Hay et al curve) available.
Note that this sampling noise in the
tide gauge data most likely comes
from the water sloshing around in the ocean under the influence of winds etc., which looks like sea - level change if you only have a very limited number of measurement points, although this process can not actually change the true global - mean sea level.
In a second step, we apply the method to reconstructing 2 - D sea level
data over 1950 — 2003, combining sparse
tide gauge records available since 1950, with EOF spatial patterns
from different sources: (1) thermosteric sea level grids over 1955 — 2003, (2) sea level grids
from Topex / Poseidon satellite altimetry over 1993 — 2003, and (3) dynamic height grids
from the SODA reanalysis over 1958 — 2001.
Shown is the past history of sea level since the year 1700
from proxy
data (sediments, purple) and multiple records
from tide gauge measurements.
If one wants to discuss changes in rate within the past twenty years one should really only use the satellite
data for that and not the rate curves
from the
tide gauges shown here.
> A new comment on the post # 74 «Michael Crichton's State of Confusion» is > waiting for your approval > > Author: Hans Erren -LRB--RRB- > E-mail: erren21 @... > URL: > Whois:... > Comment: > Sea - level rise > > Although satellite
data (TOPEX / POSEIDON (sic) and JASON) shows a much > steeper trend over recent years (2.8 mm / yr) than the long term mean > estimates
from tide gauges (1.7 to 2.4 mm / yr), each method compared to > itself does not indicate an accelleration.
Looking at global
data (rather than
tide gauge records just
from the U.S.) show that sea level rise has been increasing since 1880.
Fig. 2 Global sea level
from tide gauges (red) and satellite altimeter
data (blue, with linear trend line).
Data taken
from Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL), 2012, «
Tide Gauge Data», Extracted
from database 18 Jul 2012
from http://www.psmsl.org/
data/obtaining/.
Tide -
gauge data from Diego Garcia (1988 — 2000, and 2003 — 2011) show no statistically significant long - term rise, whilst the rates of rise obtained
from the satellite altimeter record for 1993 — 2011 span the range of 0.16 — 4.56 mm yr − 1 in the surrounding sea areas (70 — 74 ° E and 4 — 9 ° S) and are also consistent with a zero rate except in the far south of the region... this has been a relatively stable physical environment, and that these low - lying coral islands should continue to be able to support human habitation, as they have done for much of the last 200 years.
Rahmstorf, Foster, and Cazenave (2012) compares the historical sea level
tide gauge data from Church and White (2011) and recent satellite altimetry sea level
data (orange and red in Figure 4, respectively) to the 2001 and 2007 IPCC report model projections (blue and green in Figure 4, respectively).
To conduct the research, a team of scientists led by John Fasullo of the US National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, combined
data from three sources: NASA's GRACE satellites, which make detailed measurements of Earth's gravitational field, enabling scientists to monitor changes in the mass of continents; the Argo global array of 3,000 free - drifting floats, which measure the temperature and salinity of the upper layers of the oceans; and satellite - based altimeters that are continuously calibrated against a network of
tide gauges.
Estimates
from proxy
data1 (for example, based on sediment records) are shown in red (1800 - 1890, pink band shows uncertainty),
tide gauge data in blue for 1880 - 2009,2 and satellite observations are shown in green
from 1993 to 2012.3 The future scenarios range
from 0.66 feet to 6.6 feet in 2100.4 These scenarios are not based on climate model simulations, but rather reflect the range of possible scenarios based on other kinds of scientific studies.
I've been updating the
tide -
gauge - only record
from Church & White 2011 using psmsl
data (about 700
tide gauge records in total though about 200 reporting at any one time) and find trends up to 2012 are very much consistent with satellite
data.
Monday's paper combined the
data from North Carolina with similar analyses
from 23 other locations around the world plus
data from tide gauges.
Long - term, independent records
from weather stations, satellites, ocean buoys,
tide gauges, and many other
data sources all confirm that our nation, like the rest of the world, is warming.
Observed changes in (a) global average surface temperature; (b) global average sea level rise
from tide gauge (blue) and satellite (red)
data and (c) Northern Hemisphere snow cover for March - April.
Church and White (2011) examined sea level
data from both
tide gauges (TGs), satellite altimeter
data (Sat - Alt), and the estimated contribution to the sea level rise
from various sources (Figure 4).
Compiling
data from tide gauges around the globe clearly suggest an accelerating trend.
And now — based on sea level behavior between 1930 and 2010, as derived
from United States
tide gauge data, plus extensions of previous global -
gauge analyses — a new empirical study, which does not rely on a relationship between sea level and temperature, casts doubt upon both sets of projections.
Yes, Koch brotheres fiddled with all the
tide gauge readings and it seems now managed to stop satelite sea level
data from being transmitted.
-------- http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/8/1/014013 Predictability of twentieth century sea - level rise
from past
data However, in combination, the use of proxy and
tide gauge sea - level
data up to 1900 AD allows a good prediction of twentieth century sea - level rise, despite this rise being well outside the rates experienced in previous centuries during the calibration period of the model.
Bill Innis: Jevrejeva's most recent
tide gauge data from 2003 to 2009 shows sea level is actually falling The
data will likely become available soon.
Orange line, based on monthly
tide gauge data from Church and White (2011).
«We therefore study individual
tide gauge data on sea levels
from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) during 1807 — 2010 without recourse to
data reconstruction.
Apparently not even
tide gauge measurements can be spared
from those who tendentiously fiddle with raw
data to satisfy an agenda.
The
data - adjusters take misaligned and incomplete sea level
data from tide gauges that show no sea level rise (or even a falling trend).
Scientists at a British government - backed agency have formally responded to «completely unwarranted» claims
from climate science deniers that they were engaged in a conspiracy to arbitrarily adjust
data from tide gauges around the world and misrepresent sea level rise.
Abstract: Mean - sea - level
data from coastal
tide gauges in the north Indian Ocean wereare used to show that low - frequency variability is consistent among the stations in the basin.
Different approaches have been used to compute the mean rate of 20th century global mean sea level (GMSL) rise
from the available
tide gauge data: computing average rates
from only very long, nearly continuous records; using more numerous but shorter records and filters to separate nonlinear trends
from decadal - scale quasi-periodic variability; neural network methods; computing regional sea level for specific basins then averaging; or projecting
tide gauge records onto empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) computed
from modern altimetry or EOFs
from ocean models.
It looks like the taxpayer - funded sea level researchers try their best to keep the adjusted sea level rise over 3 mm / yr no matter what the
data from satellites or
tide gauges say.
Acceleration of sea - level rise over the 20th century has already been inferred
from tide -
gauge data (3 ⇓ — 5), although sampling and
data issues preclude a precise quantification.
All
data from tide gauges in areas where land is not rising or sinking show instead a steady linear and unchanging sea level rate of rise
from 4 up to 6 inches / century, with variations due to gravitational factors.
Indices for hurricane activity based on storm surge
data from tide gauges further indicate an increase in intensity.