Sentences with phrase «from volcanic»

Some made from volcanic limestone and marble retail for upwards of $ 12,000.

However, the «general public at large» stands to benefit, first and foremost, as well as industry insiders, from a volcanic upheaval from within the organized real estate industry via its grass roots practitioners.

Most homeowner policies cover direct damages that result from volcanic eruptions, but do not cover floods or earthquakes that occur as a separate event, or in the aftermath of a volcanic eruption.

Volcano Coverage: Most homeowners policies cover damage from a volcanic eruption.

How Does Renters Insurance Protect Me From Volcanic Eruption?

Covers loss to a covered building and covered property in a building resulting from volcanic blast or airborne shock waves, ash, or lava flow.

Volcanic activity can not explain the difference between DePreSys and NoAssim because both include forcing from volcanic aerosol in the same way.

For the first time, scientists say that huge levels of mercury from volcanic eruptions may have caused most of life on earth to be wiped out 250 million years ago.

The total forcing Q is known through observation to take large drops after volcanic eruptions (from the volcanic aerosols reflecting away the sunlight), with similarly large and fast recoveries.

Solar activity increased to 2000 and volcanic forcing, presumably from volcanic dust levels, are essentially unknown.

Keeling neither proved that he was measuring «background CO2» or that there even was such a thing, nor that he was able to differentiate «man - made» from volcanic.

Those are the changes resulting from volcanic eruptions.

Also, note that aerosol droplets from volcanic eruptions are much more dispersed than those from say aircraft exhaust plumes that do produce a form of cirrus clouds under certain conditions.

Hansen et al. (1981), «emerge» p. 957; another scientist who compared temperature trends with a combination of CO2, emissions from volcanic eruptions, and supposed solar cycles, likewise got a good match, and used the cycles to predict that greenhouse warming would swamp other influences after about 2000.

Climate models aren't omniscient, so once you allow for changes in the solar cycle, natural variability and light - scattering aerosols from volcanic eruptions, the match is quite remarkable.

The Arctic Ocean is a huge reservoir of water that can readily absorb and disperse the heat and volatile gases from the volcanic eruptions at the seafloor.

(Definition of a cinder cone: a «steep conical hill of tephra (volcanic debris) that accumulates around and downwind from a volcanic vent.»)

I'm pretty sure the reason is because if you strip the ocean out of the coupled models the earth would be completely covered in snow in a matter of weeks and would stay the way for millions of years while CO2 built up in the atmosphere from volcanic discharges until it was as thick as the Venusion atmosphere and then it would be a runaway greenhouse same as Venus with the final stable state hot enough to melt lead on the surface.

Anthropogenic sources are causing all of the trend, and the noise from natural sources, apart from volcanic, is contributing zero.

Natural gradients in pH exists across a distance of < 100 m from these volcanic CO2 vents, where the pH increases to normal seawater values of 7.97 — 8.14 (Hall - Spencer et al. 2008; Johnson et al. 2013; Fabricius et al. 2011).

However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes other than OA, such as emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by anthropogenic CO2 alone.

In 1783, Benjamin Franklin observed that tiny particles from volcanic eruptions tended to chill the weather.

So, this would be a modulating force to prevent short term heating of the surface, as more volcanoes would produce short term cooling from volcanic aerosols.

As they stand at present the models assume a generally static global energy budget with relatively little internal system variability so that measurable changes in the various input and output components can only occur from external forcing agents such as changes in the CO2 content of the air caused by human emissions or perhaps temporary after effects from volcanic eruptions, meteorite strikes or significant changes in solar power output.

The controversy did provoke studies by geologists who would eventually show that the other great extinctions of the past, some even worse than the doom of the dinosaurs, had been caused by massive injections of greenhouse gases from volcanic outbursts — an all too relevant demonstration of the power of the gases.

If aerosols from volcanic eruption sometimes dim the stratosphere, when they do circulate back out then we are left with dimmer surface albedo.

It is a simple discrepancy which must be laid to rest, or there is no way to conclude anything about the system: how were CO2 levels maintained in a tight range over centuries, given all the random influx and egress from volcanic activity, environmental perturbations, deforestation, desertification, fossilization, agricultural trends, wars, oceanic turnover, continental drift, weathering of minerals, fires, floods, etc..., if there is not a fairly strong feedback holding them in place?

The primary drivers of these cloud changes appear to be increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and a recovery from volcanic radiative cooling.

Stothers, R.B., 2001: Major optical depth perturbations to the stratosphere from volcanic eruptions: Stellar extinction period, 1961 - 1978.

From understanding the salt trail and it showing a vastly more ocean water on this planet, then carbon did not have a chance to turn to gases from volcanic activity due to the massive pressure per square inch.

Its main message — largely missing from news reports and blogs alike — is that carbon emissions interact with a wide range of other factors, from volcanic activity to El Niño weather patterns, in determining the trajectory of global temperatures.

Perhaps, for example, rainfall decreased when soils were dried up by overgrazing, and perhaps cold spells followed an increase in smoke from volcanic eruptions.

Ridley and his colleagues also tracked the source of aerosols in the lower stratosphere from volcanic eruptions during the 2000s.

Example, the warming from CO2 and the cooling from volcanic particles have different impacts on precipitation — therefore they are not exactly interchangable — but they are useful none the less.

The crystals are derived from volcanic ash deposits erupted explosively at Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge, in the northeast Pacific Ocean.

(Aerosols expelled from volcanic eruptions have been shown to block a portion of incoming sunlight.)

Appearing on - line in the journal Geophysical Research Letters (and sans press release) is a paper led by Penn State's Martin Tingley that examined how the temperature response from volcanic inferred from tree - rings compared with that of observations.

These trends are usually oscillating so that when a noisy warming trend occurs naturally (such as from ENSO or recovery from a volcanic disturbance) then we can't really say that the current warming is 100 % due to AGW.

You end up with NH ocean being 3C warmer than SH oceans plus «super recovery» from volcanic forcing in the NH, but that is only a fraction of the ocean area.

A recent paper in Science reported on a breakthrough experiment in Iceland in which CO2 (from a volcanic source) dissolved in water was injected into basalts at depths of 400-1000 metres.

Global solar irradiance reconstruction [48 — 50] and ice - core based sulfate (SO4) influx in the Northern Hemisphere [51] from volcanic activity (a); mean annual temperature (MAT) reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere [52], North America [29], and the American Southwest * expressed as anomalies based on 1961 — 1990 temperature averages (b); changes in ENSO - related variability based on El Junco diatom record [41], oxygen isotopes records from Palmyra [42], and the unified ENSO proxy [UEP; 23](c); changes in PDSI variability for the American Southwest (d), and changes in winter precipitation variability as simulated by CESM model ensembles 2 to 5 [43].

Aerosols from volcanic eruptions do have a cooling effect once they reach the stratosphere but the effect of high wind speed in the upper atmosphere would rapidly disperse these, and any local effects would be very slight.

These forcings considerably outweigh contributions from volcanic eruptions, mainly because the latter are sporadic, and their aerosol contributions are transient.

There is some atmospheric replenishment from volcanic eruption and Ocean vent out gassing.

We are due for cooling, but I do not see how cooling of the second half of the 20th century would have followed from the volcanic and solar forcings.

Needless, to say, land - based surface temperatures are impacted by other factors, such as upward trends in UHI, ash clouds from volcanic and war activity, persistent contrails and, perhaps, recent geo - engineering efforts.

Carbon emissions (CH4, CO2) from volcanic eruptions, 2.

The two candidates (apart from volcanic forcing) are solar variability and the natural internal variability of the coupled ocean atmosphere system, e.g. the multi-decadal and longer oscillations such as the NAO, PDO, etc..

The models currently assume a generally static global energy budget with relatively little internal system variability so that measurable changes in the various input and output components can only occur from external forcing agents such as changes in the CO2 content of the air caused by human emissions or perhaps temporary after effects from volcanic eruptions, meteorite strikes or significant changes in solar power output.

From those ice cores she has found traces of sulfuric acid (defined) from volcanic plumes and extracted microscopic «shards» of volcanic dust, some more than 20,000 years old.