Finally I told everyone that today was the day, and it just so happened to coincide with us being
in front of a glacier.
The
calving front of the glacier is now located in a deeper area of the fjord, where the underlying rock bed is about 1300 metres below sea level, which the scientists say explains the record speeds it has achieved.
Dr Hogg said: «We looked at water temperatures in
front of the glaciers which have sped up the most, and we found that they flow through deep bedrock channels into the warmest layer of the ocean.
At the
maximum front of a glacier, it dumps a large mound of rocks, known as a moraine; whilst along the sides of the glacier, debris lines the valley - sides, know as trim - lines.
All it would have taken to find life would have been to collect meltwater from
in front of a glacier and look for signs of active microorganisms.
Eventually, the floating ice shelf in
front of the glaciers «broke up», which caused them to retreat onto land sloping downward from the grounding lines to the interior of the ice sheet.
But when blocks of ice topple off
the front of glaciers into the water, much like swimmers doing cannonballs into a pool, the impact resonates and is picked up by sensors.
Conversely, if the seafloor in
front of a glacier is deep, the ice spills into the warm subsurface layer of saltwater and may melt relatively rapidly.
At this point, the ice becomes disconnected from the ground and turns into a kind of floating ledge, known as an ice shelf, that juts out into the ocean from
the front of the glacier.
However, the question was whether the changes at
the front of the glacier could transmit quickly enough upstream to explain the pattern of acceleration and thinning.
It is believed the physical separation took place on or about July 10, 2013, however the iceberg persisted in the region, adjacent to
the front of the glacier.
«Knowing the ridge is there lets us understand why the wide ice tongue that used to be in
front of the glacier has broken up,» Robin said.