Sentences with phrase «fruit flies to humans»

In one fell swoop, scientists have increased from dozens to hundreds the number of known genes that control crucial steps in the development of many organisms from fruit flies to humans.

Adult organisms ranging from fruit flies to humans harbor adult stem cells, some of which renew themselves through cell division while others differentiate into the specialized cells needed to replace worn - out or damaged organs and tissues.

The big thing then (as now), Ruvkun says, was for researchers to demonstrate that a gene of interest exists in a spectrum of different species — from roundworms and fruit flies to humans.

Slumber is known to improve recall in creatures from fruit flies to humans, and the reigning theory among neuroscientists has been that the waves of brain activity during deep sleep reactivate neurons that were triggered during the day, strengthening neuronal connections and cementing them into solid memories.

They downloaded sequences of more than 700 genes from organisms ranging from fruit flies to humans and compared genes from closely related species.

«Since these proteins are evolutionarily conserved from fruit flies to humans, experiments of this type tell us a lot about how their human versions normally work or can go wrong.»

Kerr goes deep into the biological and scientific definitions of fear, rather than dismissing the experience solely as an emotion... «Every organism, from the fruit fly to the human, has a defense or threat response,» she reminds.

Not exact matches

Scientists know how to make fruit flies and mice smarter, and efforts to come up with a treatment for Alzheimer's and other neurological disorders are leading to drugs that enhance memory and cognition in humans.

But showing that circadian clock neurons in fruit flies use external temperature to trigger sleep suggests that some clock neurons in humans could be similarly sensitive.

«Our study validates using fruit flies as a model to discover new genes that may also control aggression in humans.»

After moving to Berkeley, he arrived at a career crossroads in 1994, when Spyros Artavanis - Tsakonas, then at Yale, discovered and subsequently patented the human relative of the fruit fly gene notch, which plays a role in cell - to - cell interactions and could be an anti-cancer target.

Montague says, «Neuroscience imaging has given people the will to connect lots of basic neuroscience and taking it to the human, really applying to the human, those things that we've been finding in fruit flies and monkeys.»

Our team showed that the same common gene is critical to building limbs in humans and fruit flies.

Other clock researchers caution that it is too soon to be sure that RIGUI serves the same function in mice and humans that per does in fruit flies.

While the same exact mechanisms are unlikely to be at work in humans, Dr Gilestro thinks that a lot of what they observe in fruit flies is applicable to higher animals: «Sleep is a fundamental process for all animals, and many of the results the community has obtained with fruit flies have been replicated in other animals, including mammals and humans.

Most of the rechristened genes were identified by geneticists studying the fruit fly; when equivalent genes were later found in the human genome, researchers simply continued using the name of the fruit fly gene to avoid confusion.

Already, researchers have used CRISPR / Cas9 to edit genes in human cells grown in lab dishes, monkeys (SN: 3/8/14, p. 7), dogs (SN: 11/28/15, p. 16), mice and pigs (SN: 11/14/15, p. 6), yeast, fruit flies, the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, zebrafish, tobacco and rice.

Inspired by human studies showing that avid coffee drinkers and smokers have a lower risk of Parkinson's disease, scientists at the University of Washington decided to see what java and cigarettes do to fruit flies.

Because most animal species have integrins, Kandel thinks that experiments on fruit fly memory could lead to insights into human memory.

To find out Reppert replaced those found in fruit flies with a human version, hCRY2, which is found in the retina.

Reppert knew that cryptochromes also help fruit flies and birds sense the Earth's magnetic fields, and he wanted to see whether human cryptochromes could do the same thing.

Scientists have a promising new approach to combating deadly human viruses thanks to an educated hunch by University of California, Riverside microbiology professor Shou - Wei Ding, and his 20 years of research on plants, fruit flies, nematodes and mice to show the truth in his theory.

By comparing our genetic make - up to the genomes of mice, chimps and a menagerie of other species (rats, chickens, dogs, pufferfish, the microscopic worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and many bacteria), scientists have learned a great deal about how genes evolve over time, and gained insights into human diseases.

The recipe book for humans, which is genetically akin to the one for fruit flies, is much thicker, more complex, and full of hidden ingredients scientists have yet to discover.

In an accompanying paper, MacKinnon's team notes that scorpion toxin — a potent potassium channel inhibitor — has the same effect on pores in S. lividans and those of the fruit fly Drosophila, whose nuclei are organized similar to those of human cells.

«In complex organisms, such as fruit flies, mice, and humans, scientists have only been able to infer how these enzymes mechanistically accomplish their tasks,» said Daniel McKay, PhD, assistant professor of genetics and biology and first author of the paper.

«These two studies highlight the value of using an integrated multi-systems approach — including fruit flies, mice, and human cells — to discover mechanisms underlying disease processes.»

The study, conducted using fruit fly populations bred to model natural variations in human sleep patterns, provides new clues to how genes for sleep duration are linked to a wide variety of biological processes.

This same shift has been observed in human inflammatory disorders, though previous attempts to mimic it in lower organisms like fruit flies or zebrafish have proved unsuccessful.

A small dose of 1.56 µM, which is approximately equivalent to a daily dose of the drug in a human cancer patients, increased the fruit flies» average life expectancy by 8 %.

Paulo Navarro - Costa, first co-author of this study and researcher at the IGC explains: «Similarly to humans, fruit fly ovules also have a resting period during meiosis — the specialized cell division required for the formation of healthy reproductive cells.

The researchers identified genes in the fruit fly that were equivalent to the human genes, but their activity didn't increase when flies lost sleep.

For years, Paul Shaw, PhD, a researcher at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, has used what he learns in fruit flies to look for markers of sleep loss in humans.

The fruit fly produces stones similar to those in humans and has proven to be an excellent model for exploring risk factors for stones in humans.

Although the research was carried out in fruit flies, or Drosophila, the scientists say the sleep mechanism is likely to be relevant to humans.

[Haemophilus influenzae is a bacterium, the first organism to have its entire genome sequenced, which Venter completed in 1995; Drosophila is the common fruit fly, whose genome Venter sequenced as a warm - up to sequencing the human genome.]

This means that its components and functions are similar in diverse species from simple organisms like fruit flies to mice and even humans.

«Worms, mice, humans, and even fruit flies show similar effects of intoxication at similar alcohol concentrations,» he says, and human neurons contain a switch similar to that in C. elegans.

Lacin and Truman believe the insights from their study will now make it possible to investigate how molecular events, which occur from embryonic to adult stages, control the formation and function of the nervous system in fruit flies, with possible translation to humans.

To understand the development of the human brain, the researchers looked to a much simpler animal, the fruit fly, in which they could control and observe cells more easilTo understand the development of the human brain, the researchers looked to a much simpler animal, the fruit fly, in which they could control and observe cells more easilto a much simpler animal, the fruit fly, in which they could control and observe cells more easily.

Insects are an important model for the study of emotion; although mice are closer to humans on the evolutionary family tree, the fruit fly has a much simpler neurological system that is easier to study.

Enter the fruit fly as an unlikely proxy for researchers to learn more about how loud noises can damage the human ear.

They used synapses from the fruit fly drosophila, which compares remarkably closely to synapses in humans.

Their end goal is to identify specific populations of neurons in the fruit fly brain that are necessary for emotion primitives — and whether these functions are conserved in higher organisms, such as mice or even humans.

The effect on the molecular underpinnings of the fruit fly's ear are the same as experienced by humans, making the tests generally applicable to people, the researchers note.

Different model organisms like the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are used for their research, aimed at decoding the principles of stem cell control with the aim to also apply them to higher forms of life and eventually humans.

The genome shares about 60 % of its genes with the other invertebrates completely sequenced, such as the nematode and fruit fly, whereas about 5 % match sequences found only — up to now, at least — in the human, mouse, and puffer fish genomes.

University of Iowa researchers say that the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is an ideal model to study hearing loss in humans caused by loud noise.

Historically, animal models — from fruit flies to mice — have been the go - to technique to study the biological consequences of aging, especially in tissues that can't be easily sampled from living humans, like the brain.

The sleep habits of fruit flies are remarkably similar to humans.