There is no shortage of good ideas for creating a better - controlled global
fuel cycle based on minimizing the number of fuel - handling points.
Decrease, on a full
fuel cycle basis, the overall impact and carbon footprint of alternative and renewable fuels and increase sustainability.
Not exact matches
Nor have we yet deployed a comprehensive set of policies to support the rebalancing of the U.S. economy toward a growth path
based more on business investment, trade and broad -
based income gains than the type of asset price gains and credit -
fuelled consumption, which dominated the last business
cycle.
When babies bawl like this, they take in a lot of air, which creates gas and more pain, making them cry even more —
fueling a vicious
cycle that many parents struggle with on a daily
basis.
Under president Bush in 2005, the decision was made that any deal with Iran should be on the
basis that Iran is barred from doing any
fuel cycle work.
There are also outstanding questions related to the real - world efficiency gains of natural gas
fuels and the life -
cycle emissions they produce
based on methane leakage in the production process.
«When it comes to life
cycle greenhouse gas emissions, wind and solar energy provide a much better greenhouse gas balance than fossil -
based low carbon technologies, because they do not require additional energy for the production and transport of
fuels, and the technologies themselves can be produced to a large extend with decarbonized electricity,» states Edgar Hertwich, an industrial ecologist from Yale University who co-authored the study.
To Hramiec's point, this
fuels a vicious
cycle when it comes to competency models spreading: if a small minority of fully competency -
based schools can not spur a supply of integrated competency -
based technology solutions, it is unlikely that larger systems, whose demand ultimately drives the edtech market, will move away from time -
based practices.
«Flex
Fuel» isn't an issue (I assume you mean E85 and similar) if you use injector duty
cycle as the
basis of your calculations.
The touted ten - percent figure is
based upon Japan's 10 - 15
fuel economy test
cycle, which incorporates multiple lengthy stops.
The engine is also
fuel efficient, claiming as low as 7.2 L / 100 km combined
fuel consumption
based on the New European Driving
Cycle (NEDC).
The Kia Niro will combine a stylish SUV design with greater
fuel economy than its rivals, with a target CO2 emissions rating of under 90 g / km (combined,
based on the New European Driving
Cycle).
The new sedan is also just as fast as the previous car, needing six second to hit 60 mph with rear - wheel - drive and 5.8 clicks to achieve the same benchmark with xDrive, but
fuel economy is better
based on European -
cycle figures.
combined
fuel consumption 10,0 — 9,2 l / 100 km; combined CO2 emissions: 228 — 209 g / km * * Fuel consumption figures are provisional (in some cases), based on the EU test cycle and may vary depending on the tyre format specif
fuel consumption 10,0 — 9,2 l / 100 km; combined CO2 emissions: 228 — 209 g / km * *
Fuel consumption figures are provisional (in some cases), based on the EU test cycle and may vary depending on the tyre format specif
Fuel consumption figures are provisional (in some cases),
based on the EU test
cycle and may vary depending on the tyre format specified.
For example, all BMW 640i models are all powered by an inline six - cylinder engine burning 0.2 liters less
fuel per 100 kilometers than their direct predecessors (
based on EU test
cycle).
Year: 2017 Make: Toyota Model: RAV4 Hybrid Trim: XLE Engine: 2.5 L Atkinson -
Cycle 16 - Valve DOHC with Dual VVT - i Four - Cylinder, Two 650V Electric Motors Driveline: CVT, AWD Horsepower @ RPM: 150 @ 5,700 (Gas), 105 kW (Front Electric Motor), 50 kW (Rear Electric Motor), 194 (Combined Output) Torque @ RPM: 152 @ 4,400 (Gas)
Fuel Economy: City / Highway / Combined - 34/30/32 Curb Weight: 3,925 lbs Location of Manufacture: Obu, Aichi, Japan
Base Price: $ 29,030 As Tested Price: $ 31,965 (Includes $ 940.00 Destination Charge)
The big news is that the new engine is 22 percent more
fuel efficient
based on the European driving
cycle.
In addition, Efficient Dynamics measures such as brake energy regeneration and needs -
based control of auxiliary units ensure that the average
fuel consumption on the EU test
cycle is limited to 9.6 litres per 100 kilometres and CO2 emissions to 224 grams per kilometre.
Familiar from the 2012 CLS63 AMG this new engine can produce either 518 hp or 550 hp, together with an impressive reduction in
fuel consumption — 22 percent less
based on the European driving
cycle.
[52] The TwinAir received the Best New Engine Award for 2011 and was marketed the «world's greenest petrol engine,»
based on official Euro test
cycle data for emissions and
fuel consumption.
*
Fuel consumption and CO2 figures were calculated
based on the EU test
cycle and may vary depending on the tyre format.
Disclaimer: Hyundai Provided the Ioniq, Insurance, and One Tank of Gas Year: 2017 Make: Hyundai Model: Ioniq Trim: SEL Engine: 1.6 L GDI Atkinson
Cycle Four - Cylinder, Electric Motor Driveline: Six - Speed Dual - Clutch Transmission, Front - Wheel Drive Horsepower @ RPM: 104 @ 5,700 (Gas), 43 @ 0 (Electric), 139 (Combined) Torque @ RPM: 109 @ 4,000 (Gas), 125 @ 0 (Electric)
Fuel Economy: City / Highway / Combined - 55/54/55 Curb Weight: 3,031 lbs Location of Manufacture: Ulsan, South Korea
Base Price: $ 23,950 As Tested Price: $ 25,910 (Includes $ 835.00 Destination Charge) Options: Tech Package - $ 1,000.00 Carpeted Floor Mats - $ 125.00 View full article
*
Fuel consumption figures are
based on the EU test
cycle and may vary depending on the tyre format specified.
The CO2 efficiency specifications are determined according to Directive 1999 / 94 / EC and the Pkw - EnVKV, and
based (for classification) on the
fuel consumption and CO2 values as per the NEDC
cycle.
* The
fuel consumption and CO2 figures are provisional and were calculated
based on the EU test
cycle, dependent on tyre format.
The higher performance 103kW engine is only available with a DSG box as standard, and returns a combined -
cycle fuel consumption figure of 5.2 L / 100 km,
based on using the recommended 95 RON ULP, as is the case for the 90kW engine.
Based on the New European Driving
Cycle (NEDC), which gives more weight to start - stop driving than the EPA test cycle does, Audi says combined fuel economy is 34
Cycle (NEDC), which gives more weight to start - stop driving than the EPA test
cycle does, Audi says combined fuel economy is 34
cycle does, Audi says combined
fuel economy is 34 mpg.
The
base version of the Camry can do 0 - 100 km / hr in 10.4 seconds, while the average
fuel economy is rated at 13.9 km / l (US drive
cycle).
*
Fuel consumption and CO2 figures are provisional,
based on the EU test
cycle and may vary depending on the tyre format specified.
While wagons are something of a risky bet in the modern domestic market, there's a more straightforward reason that Mazda will not be installing i - ELOOP in vehicles bound for America: The current EPA testing
cycle does not recognize
fuel economy gains that capacitor -
based regeneration systems can provide.
Fuel economy ranges from 36 mpg to 60 mpg but that's
based on the easy, breezy European test
cycle.
*
Fuel consumption figures are provisional (in some cases),
based on the EU test
cycle and may vary depending on the tyre format specified.
Aqua compact hybrid that combines driving enjoyment with world - leading
fuel efficiency launched;
Based on a smaller, lighter and more efficient hybrid system, the Aqua achieves
fuel efficiency of 35.4 km / L under the JC08 test
cycle at an entry price of 1.69 million yen.
* The
fuel consumption figures were calculated
based on the ECE test
cycle, dependent on tyre format.
The Kona's
base engine is a 147 - horsepower, 2.0 - liter four - cylinder that runs on the Atkinson
cycle to maximize
fuel economy.
Drivers» results are continuously tracked as
fuel economy ratings are shown per drive
cycle and on a lifetime
basis in the form of plant leaf graphics that can appear in the Multi-Information Display.
By comparison, the in - production BMW i8 plug - in hybrid offers combined
fuel consumption of 2.1 l / 100 km (111.9 mpg US); combined electricity consumption of 11.9 kWh / 100 km (19.2 kWh / 100 miles); combined CO2 emissions of 49 g / km (
fuel consumption figures
based on the EU test
cycle, may vary depending on the tire format specified.)
-- Co2 released to the atmosphere through the burning of fossil
fuels is
cycled through the oceans
based on a five year residence time, so that only about a quarter of the co2 in the atmosphere at any one time is from man.
But on a source
basis (a.k.a., full -
fuel -
cycle basis), a natural gas water heater consumes approximately 46 percent fewer Btu.
But on a full -
fuel -
cycle basis, the gas furnace uses about 40 percent less.
With today's energy mix, PHEVs running on electricity from the grid are nearly three times more efficient than NGVs on a «well - to - wheel»
basis — that is, when considering the full life
cycle of the energy source, from
fuel extraction to combustion to vehicle propulsion.
These values were used to produce a comprehensive net present value for the standard
based on the full national impact over the lifetime of units affected, including monetized full
fuel cycle emissions impacts.
And you also knew, for example, that that an average gas driven car emitted 4.7 tons of carbon dioxide per year and an electric car would cut that in half even when powered from the current polluting grid, and much much less on a life
cycle basis from a future global efficient renewable energy system displacing almost all fossil
fuels.
As alternatives are exploited — bringing economies of scale into play, to make them less expensive per unit — demand for carbon -
based fuels, solvents and components of processes that end up in the atmosphere drops, resulting in lower prices for carbon products and eventually resulting in a point of diminishing returns to further price level increases in the carbon
cycle fee..
Difficult, complicated science questions like the interplay between natural climate variability (e.g., volcanic eruptions, solar minimums, the El Niño - La Niña
cycle) and manmade, fossil
fuel -
based energy consumption — which accelerates greenhouse gas emissions and drives climate change — still need further clarification.
This life -
cycle based approach to lower carbon
fuels echoes the new California... Read more →
We could offset emissions by many times by managing the nuclear
fuels cycle on a regional
basis at least.
A type of reactor
based on a closed
fuel cycle at the site.
''... Overall, all PV technologies generate far less life -
cycle air emissions per GWh than conventional fossil -
fuel -
based electricity generation technologies.
These alternative
fuels will be more environmentally friendly, on a life
cycle basis, than today's petroleum -
based jet
fuels.