The authors argue that vehicle
fuel economy may be improved
through three primary methods: reducing vehicle weight and size; increased market share of alternative powertrains that show more efficiency than conventional gasoline engines; and, rather than continuing the historical trend of emphasis on vehicles that are heavier, larger, and more powerful, ensuring that improvements in vehicle technology's efficiency
gains are directed toward increasing
fuel economy.
The new Kappa HEV engine alone delivers a 3 %
gain in
fuel economy through three stages: gas extracted upstream ensures more than 20 % EGR rate, the EGR cooler delivers a cooling efficiency of 98 % and the single stage gear EGR valve results in a 56.9 millisecond response time.