I am convinced that the greatest single threat facing the world in the early twenty - first century is climate change and one thing we can do to greatly slow climate change is to replace fossil
fuel electricity generation with renewable energy as quickly as possible.
Total non-fossil
fuel electricity generation with (solid red line) and without the drought (dashed red line).
The world must replace its fossil
fuelled electricity generation with renewables such as wind.
Not exact matches
Alberta and Saskatchewan stand out in Canada
with power grids still heavily reliant upon fossil
fuels, but both recently released targets for significantly more
electricity generation from renewable sources.
However parity
with fossil
fuel generated
electricity is not the end point of PV
generation - it is the economic start.
However, as the UK has shifted focus from coal - and oil - fired
electricity generation to being more reliant on natural gas as the
fuel of choice (irrespective of wind, solar, nuclear and other alternatives), this makes the
electricity grid somewhat vulnerable to accidental and incidental problems
with the flow of data and to malicious manipulation for the sake of sabotage, criminal or online military / terrorist action.
«(I) The Administrator shall determine the amount of fossil
fuel - based
electricity delivered at retail by each
electricity local distribution company, and shall use appropriate emission factors to calculate carbon dioxide emissions associated
with the
generation of such
electricity.
As a result one long - standing criticism of renewable energy may no longer apply, namely that mandating increased use of renewable energy for
electricity generation will be more costly in the long run than sticking
with fossil
fuel energy.
It represents a new
generation of concept car
with electric hybrid propulsion where
electricity is generated from hydrogen and oxygen (air) in a Toyota designed
fuel cell.
But, as the Keeling Curve shows, these processes are not capable of keeping up
with fossil
fuel emissions from the
electricity generation and transportation sectors.
It's a grand vision for essentially being carbon - free by 2050, Producing
electricity from clean
generation sources including nuclear, solar, wind, hydro, and
with any remaining fossil
fuel plants hooked up to carbon capture and storage systems.
It's now pretty clear that renewables can replace fossil
fuels in their main uses,
electricity generation and land transport, at a very modest cost or, as appears to be the case for
electricity,
with a cost saving.
Remove all the impediments we've imposed, over the past 50 years, that are preventing nuclear
electricity generation from being cost competitive
with fossil
fuels.
When combined
with plug - in cars and electric bikes, the benefits of household
electricity generation may increase depending on the cost of
fuel replaced.
Most of the global CO2 emissions issue could be solved
with low cost nuclear power (low cost nuclear will replace, over the course of this century, fossil
fuels for
electricity generation which will then displace gas for heating and produce «energy carriers» to replace fossil
fuels for transport
fuels).
Sarah Jane Ahmed, an energy expert for US - based think tank Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA), wrote a study in 2017 on how small islands in the Philippines can effectively replace outdated, polluting diesel
fuel electricity -
generation systems
with solar and wind - powered grids.
Technologies for converting this energy to
electricity are now becoming cost competitive
with fossil
fuel generation.
(2007) • Contribution of Renewables to Energy Security (2007) • Modelling Investment Risks and Uncertainties
with Real Options Approach (2007) • Financing Energy Efficient Homes Existing Policy Responses to Financial Barriers (2007) • CO2 Allowance and
Electricity Price Interaction - Impact on Industry's
Electricity Purchasing Strategies in Europe (2007) • CO2 Capture Ready Plants (2007) •
Fuel - Efficient Road Vehicle Non-Engine Components (2007) • Impact of Climate Change Policy Uncertainty on Power
Generation Investments (2006) • Raising the Profile of Energy Efficiency in China — Case Study of Standby Power Efficiency (2006) • Barriers to the Diffusion of Solar Thermal Technologies (2006) • Barriers to Technology Diffusion: The Case of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (2006) • Certainty versus Ambition — Economic Efficiency in Mitigating Climate Change (2006) • Sectoral Crediting Mechanisms for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation: Institutional and Operational Issues (2006) • Sectoral Approaches to GHG Mitigation: Scenarios for Integration (2006) • Energy Efficiency in the Refurbishment of High - Rise Residential Buildings (2006) • Can Energy - Efficient Electrical Appliances Be Considered «Environmental Goods»?
Together, replacing fossil
fuels in
electricity generation with renewable sources of energy, switching to plug - in hybrid cars, going to all - electric railways, banning deforestation, and sequestering carbon by planting trees and improving soil management will drop carbon dioxide emissions in 2020 more than 80 percent below today's levels.
The new version of KWES still provides headline data on all
fuels, and now also contains additional information highlighting the rapid growth of renewable technologies, for example that in four countries wind
generation provided more than 10 % of all
electricity,
with solar providing more than 5 % in two countries.
The evolving Kerry - Graham - Lieberman legislation has a cap - and - trade system at its heart for the
electricity -
generation sector,
with other sectors to be phased in later (and it employs another market - based approach, a series of
fuel taxes for the transportation sector linked to the market price for allowances).
They are also primary
fuel sources for brown
electricity generation, and so brown
electricity prices rise and fall
with the costs of these raw materials.
Solar and wind in particular, along
with several other clean energy
generation systems do not «burn» any
fuel to produce
electricity, they do not «emit» anything into the air as a byproduct of
electricity generation, and hence they help solve the problem and smooth the transition to a lower carbon economy.
Required for facilities that use at least one non-renewable
fuel to generate
electricity, or facilities
with generation not tracked in WREGIS for the entire calendar year covered in this report.
It is expected that consumers will be able to choose
electricity from renewable sources instead of fossil
fuel - powered thermal (along
with its problems in terms of climate change) or nuclear power
generation (whose great risks again became evident
with the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, caused by the tsunami after the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011).
Instructs the Secretary of Energy to: (1) identify and evaluate the strategies or projects
with the greatest potential for reducing the dependence on imported fossil
fuels used for the
generation of
electricity, including increased use of specified sources of renewable energy; and (2) submit to certain congressional committees updated plans for each insular area.
Coupled
with the low and stable nature of
electricity prices — which average $ 0.12 / kWh in the U.S. and can be significantly less for commercial and industrial users, falling to almost nothing when combined
with local solar
generation and storage — owners can expect to gain $ 200,000 or more in savings over a million miles based on
fuel costs alone.
-- The assessment shall contain an evaluation and analysis of
electricity generation facilities that are constructed in accordance
with different plant designs (including different cooling technologies such as water, air, and hybrid systems, and technologies designed to minimize carbon dioxide releases) based on the
fuel used by the facility, including --
-- In calculating the incremental cost of compliance of an electric utility under this section, the Secretary shall take into account the reduction, if any, on the cost of
electricity generated
with fossil
fuels associated
with increased reliance on renewable electric energy
generation.
«
Electricity from Renewable Energy and Fossil Fuels with Carbon Capture and Sequestration», the fourth report in the CEF publication series, examines electricity generation through fossil fuel combustion with CO2 capture and sequestration («fossil / CCS»)- a process that removes as much carbon as possible from major emissions sources such as power plants, and stores it in deep geological
Electricity from Renewable Energy and Fossil
Fuels with Carbon Capture and Sequestration», the fourth report in the CEF publication series, examines
electricity generation through fossil fuel combustion with CO2 capture and sequestration («fossil / CCS»)- a process that removes as much carbon as possible from major emissions sources such as power plants, and stores it in deep geological
electricity generation through fossil
fuel combustion
with CO2 capture and sequestration («fossil / CCS»)- a process that removes as much carbon as possible from major emissions sources such as power plants, and stores it in deep geological formations.
Businesses signed up to provide
generation, including automotive
fuel retailers and mobile phone companies, which came up
with novel plans that bundled
electricity together
with their contracted services or products.
However, it can also be used as a transportation
fuel to displace petrochemicals and,
with proper refinement, to displace any current use for natural gas, such as at existing
electricity generation facilities.
The small contribution of
electricity Comparison of Estimated Electricity Output from Planned «Wind Farms» with Actual 1999 Output from Some of Reliant Energy and TXUís Newer, Existing Generating Plants * Company & Generating Plant Generating Units Capacity In MW ** Fuel Unit Type Generation (kWh) # TXU - FPL Wind Farm 242 160.0 Wind Wind Turbine 500,000,000 Reliant Wind Farm 160 208.0 Wind Wind Turbine 455,520,000 to 637,728,000 *
electricity Comparison of Estimated
Electricity Output from Planned «Wind Farms» with Actual 1999 Output from Some of Reliant Energy and TXUís Newer, Existing Generating Plants * Company & Generating Plant Generating Units Capacity In MW ** Fuel Unit Type Generation (kWh) # TXU - FPL Wind Farm 242 160.0 Wind Wind Turbine 500,000,000 Reliant Wind Farm 160 208.0 Wind Wind Turbine 455,520,000 to 637,728,000 *
Electricity Output from Planned «Wind Farms»
with Actual 1999 Output from Some of Reliant Energy and TXUís Newer, Existing Generating Plants * Company & Generating Plant Generating Units Capacity In MW **
Fuel Unit Type
Generation (kWh) # TXU - FPL Wind Farm 242 160.0 Wind Wind Turbine 500,000,000 Reliant Wind Farm 160 208.0 Wind Wind Turbine 455,520,000 to 637,728,000 *** Reliant?
Or use the hydrogen to generate
electricity in a large
fuel cell,
with full heat recovery - i, e for high - efficiency heat and power
generation.
After an equal share of electric power was generated from coal and natural gas in April 2012, EIA's most recent preliminary data through March 2013 show coal has generated 40 % or more of the nation's
electricity each month since November 2012,
with natural gas
fueling about 25 % of
generation during the same period.
Working
with the policy team from 2012 to 2015, Ben worked on legislative, budgetary, and regulatory issues related to
electricity generation and transmission, fossil
fuel transport, and transportation
fuels at the state and federal level.
But he wholly fails to explain what the implications of the variability problem is (the need for overbuild of
generation capacity and expensive / unfeasible large - scale energy storage), nor whether, if an effort is made to deal practically
with these problems in real national
electricity grids, the «increasingly cheaper» renewables will ever become cheap enough (when all relevant real - world factors are considered) and reliable enough (without natural gas «backup»), to actually substitute for and displace fossil
fuels (or nuclear) at the scale required.
With other greenhouse gases it is responsible for the natural greenhouse effect, and the extra levels of CO 2 from burning of fossil
fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) in industry, transport and the
generation of
electricity, are causing the enhanced (or accelerated) greenhouse effect which is why global warming is happening.
Therefore if there's a way to significantly reduce our CO2 emissions without ruining our standard of living (and the first big step in that would be to replace fossil
fuels with nuclear energy for
electricity generation) I would definitely want to take it.
First, the subsidies for nuclear and fossil
fuels (for
electricity generation) are negligible in comparison
with the subsidies for renewables (per MWh of
electricity delivered).
A University of Michigan study indicates that one in twelve vehicle owners currently possesses an RV, and one in six surveyed intends to buy an RV within five years.49 For increasing numbers, RVs have become a desirable form of temporary or permanent living reinvigorated by wireless voice and data technology, easy financing (complete
with second - home tax benefits), significant configurability, integration of premium technologies for home theater, advanced energy management, integration of green elements like biodiesel
fuel and solar
electricity generation, and, perhaps most appealing, «drop - of - the - hat» mobility surrounded by one's «stuff.»
For example, the global average effect of any change in albedo from using solar power would be rather small in comparison to mitigation of climate change if that solar power is used (to displace fossil
fuels) for a sufficient time period (example: if a 10 % efficient PV panel
with zero albedo (reflectivity for solar (SW) radiation) covered ground
with an albedo of 25 — 30 %, the ratio of total increased heating to
electricity generation would be similar to that of many
fuel - combusting or fission - powered power plants (setting aside inverter and grid efficiency, etc., but still it would be similar).
Again, pretty much everyone who has seriously considered the issue has understood for years (some of us for decades) that any solution must be built on the foundations of (1) eliminating fossil
fuel use ASAP, necessarily focusing on the largest sources first (e.g. coal - fired
electricity generation and oil -
fueled ground transport) and (2) drawing down the already dangerous excess of CO2
with organic agriculture and reforestation.
That's actually the whole point of replacing the fossil
fuel based
electricity generation with a renewable source, if you haven't noticed.
According to the authors, the U.S.'s spare nighttime
electricity capacity could power a large fleet of PHEVs; since they require about 10 hours of nightly charging, Joe Sullivan of the Argonne National Laboratory, one of the authors, nighttime
electricity could allow PHEVs to replace up to 34 % of today's light - duty fleet - and only consume 13 % of the
fuel used nationally for
electricity generation in the process.Michael Kintner - Meyer of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory - in a separate study - found that 43 % of the fleet could be replaced by PHEVs
with existing nighttime capacity.