Not exact matches
But she has also been criticized on her environmental record, including her vote to reject Environmental Protection Agency carbon limits for coal -
fueled power
plants, a chief
cause of acid rain in the Adirondack Park.
In a modeling study of coal, oil, and natural gas, Zhang and Caldeira compared the warming
caused by combustion to the warming
caused by the carbon dioxide released by a single instance of burning, such as one lump of coal, and by a power
plant that is continuously burning
fuel.
Fossil -
fuel burning power
plants aren't only
causing climate change, they're likely to suffer from such global warming.
Extracting carbon dioxide from power
plant exhaust and storing it underground may be the only hope to avoid a climate change catastrophe
caused by burning fossil
fuels
A crucial distinction in the global - warming balance sheet — and another stumbling block for beginners starting to count carbons — is that researchers treat
fuel from current
plant growth as
causing zero net greenhouse - gas emissions.
Because
plants take up CO2 during photosynthesis, it has long been assumed that they will provide a large carbon «sink» to help offset increases in atmospheric CO2
caused by the burning of fossil
fuels.
And the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 2006 suggested the practice of overcrowding pools for the storage of spent nuclear
fuel rods — that has
caused fires and explosions at Fukushima Daiichi, which stores far less used
fuel than typical U.S.
plants — could prove dangerous.
When an explosion blew off Unit 4's roof on 15 March,
plant operators assumed the
cause was hydrogen — and they feared it had come from
fuel in the pool that had been exposed to air.
Response: The Fukushima accident happened when flooding of power
plant safety systems
caused by the tsunami prevented operation of pumps needed to cool the nuclear
fuel within the reactor and the
fuel storage pools,
causing that irradiated
fuel to overheat.
When we eat
plant foods, though, the carbohydrates trigger a release of insulin that
causes our muscles to take up many of the non-tryptophan amino acids as
fuel, potentially leaving our tryptophan first in line for brain access.
The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power
Plant (NPP) has
caused us to focus attention on a large amount of spent nuclear
fuels stored in NPPs.
Additionally, inhalation of toxic chemicals from burning
fuels, metal, plastics, and even
plant material (alkaloids) can
cause mild to severe toxic effects to internal organs.
In addition, using coal in large centralized
plants dramatically reduces the burning of
fuel wood and waste that
causes enormous indoor air pollution in developing nations.
The coalition will also encourage the EPA to limit climate change -
causing carbon emissions from fossil
fuel power
plants under the Clean Power Plan, push for federal controls on methane emissions from the oil and natural gas industry, and work on controlling emissions from large - scale industry facilities, said the New York attorney general's office in a statement.
«Even if we were able to use productive
plants such as poplar trees or switchgrass, and store 50 % of the carbon contained in their biomass, in the business - as - usual scenario of continued, unconstrained fossil
fuel use, the sheer size of the plantations for staying at or below 2 °C of warming would
cause devastating environmental consequences,» Boysen says.
There was some bad news for Drax recently as the UK government decided that biomass subsidies would not keep climbing as the «carbon price floor» — levied on fossil
fuel production (and due to rise further)-- on electricity consumption has
caused a backlash from manufacturers, consumer groups and energy suppliers who are concerned that the «tax will push up prices, make the UK uncompetitive and force the premature closure of coal - fired power
plants, increasing the risk of blackouts.»
The inescapable if unfashionable conclusion is that the human use of fossil
fuels has been
causing the greening of the planet in three separate ways: first, by displacing firewood as a
fuel; second, by warming the climate; and third, by raising carbon dioxide levels, which raise
plant growth rates.
More work will follow, including an analysis of the likelihood that weather, security threats or other events could
cause significant service interruptions in different areas that would depend on a single source for power
plant fuel.
In competitive electricity markets, changes in any number of variables, including
fuel prices, weather, and
plant and system operational changes, can
cause variations in the level of electricity dispatched by a given power
plant (or group of
plants) from year to year.
According to the report, more than a quarter of the water withdrawn by fossil -
fuel power
plants to cool their generators goes up in steam — the remainder carries pollutants and excess heat into rivers and waterways,
causing fish kills and algae blooms.
But it's also the by - product of fossil
fuel combustion, and when a refinery or power
plant reduces its greenhouse gas emissions (by becoming more energy - efficient, for example), it also releases fewer smog - forming chemicals like nitrogen oxides, less of the sulfur dioxide and soot that can irritate lungs and
cause respiratory disease, and fewer toxic emissions linked to cancer and neurological disorders.
Beginning to use
plant - based products will certainly help the company achieve its sustainability goals, though LEGO is just doing their part in a global economy still dominated by fossil
fuels — finite resources that are the primary contributor to human -
caused climate change.
Carbon dioxide, or CO2, is a naturally occurring greenhouse gas that is also released into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil
fuels, for example in cars and power
plants (
causes of global warming).
Constructing fossil
fuel energy
plants doesn't really
cause CO2 emissions to increase, burning
fuel in them does.
More important would be to add the higher emissions
caused by cycling the fossil
fuel generator
plants to back up for intermittent renewable energy generators.
As to the intermittency of fossil
fueled plants, an interesting event happened in Texas a few years ago in which a hard frost
caused a bunch of coal and gas - fired
plants to fail simultaneously while the wind turbines continued to generate electricity.
Fast neutrons have a much higher cross section for the transuranics with intermediate half - lives which
cause so much trouble in waste, permitting them to be destroyed in a combined - cycle
plant with
fuel reprocessing.
And it's happening because of carbon dioxide and global warming: «human use of fossil
fuels has been
causing the greening of the planet in three separate ways: first, by displacing firewood as a
fuel; second, by warming the climate; and third, by raising carbon dioxide levels, which raise
plant growth rates.»
But even that equation proved overly simplistic because the process of turning
plants into
fuels causes its own emissions — for refining and transport, for example.
(11/15/07) «Ban the Bulb: Worldwide Shift from Incandescents to Compact Fluorescents Could Close 270 Coal - Fired Power
Plants» (5/9/07) «Massive Diversion of U.S. Grain to
Fuel Cars is Raising World Food Prices» (3/21/07) «Distillery Demand for Grain to
Fuel Cars Vastly Understated: World May Be Facing Highest Grain Prices in History» (1/4/07) «Santa Claus is Chinese OR Why China is Rising and the United States is Declining» (12/14/06) «Exploding U.S. Grain Demand for Automotive
Fuel Threatens World Food Security and Political Stability» (11/3/06) «The Earth is Shrinking: Advancing Deserts and Rising Seas Squeezing Civilization» (11/15/06) «U.S. Population Reaches 300 Million, Heading for 400 Million: No
Cause for Celebration» (10/4/06) «Supermarkets and Service Stations Now Competing for Grain» (7/13/06) «Let's Raise Gas Taxes and Lower Income Taxes» (5/12/06) «Wind Energy Demand Booming: Cost Dropping Below Conventional Sources Marks Key Milestone in U.S. Shift to Renewable Energy» (3/22/06) «Learning From China: Why the Western Economic Model Will not Work for the World» (3/9/05) «China Replacing the United States and World's Leading Consumer» (2/16/05)» Foreign Policy Damaging U.S. Economy» (10/27/04) «A Short Path to Oil Independence» (10/13/04) «World Food Security Deteriorating: Food Crunch In 2005 Now Likely» (05/05/04) «World Food Prices Rising: Decades of Environmental Neglect Shrinking Harvests in Key Countries» (04/28/04) «Saudis Have U.S. Over a Barrel: Shifting Terms of Trade Between Grain and Oil» (4/14/04) «Europe Leading World Into Age of Wind Energy» (4/8/04) «China's Shrinking Grain Harvest: How Its Growing Grain Imports Will Affect World Food Prices» (3/10/04) «U.S. Leading World Away From Cigarettes» (2/18/04) «Troubling New Flows of Environmental Refugees» (1/28/04) «Wakeup Call on the Food Front» (12/16/03) «Coal: U.S. Promotes While Canada and Europe Move Beyond» (12/3/03) «World Facing Fourth Consecutive Grain Harvest Shortfall» (9/17/03) «Record Temperatures Shrinking World Grain Harvest» (8/27/03) «China Losing War with Advancing Deserts» (8/4/03) «Wind Power Set to Become World's Leading Energy Source» (6/25/03) «World Creating Food Bubble Economy Based on Unsustainable Use of Water» (3/13/03) «Global Temperature Near Record for 2002: Takes Toll in Deadly Heat Waves, Withered Harvests, & Melting Ice» (12/11/02) «Rising Temperatures & Falling Water Tables Raising Food Prices» (8/21/02) «Water Deficits Growing in Many Countries» (8/6/02) «World Turning to Bicycle for Mobility and Exercise» (7/17/02) «New York: Garbage Capital of the World» (4/17/02) «Earth's Ice Melting Faster Than Projected» (3/12/02) «World's Rangelands Deteriorating Under Mounting Pressure» (2/5/02) «World Wind Generating Capacity Jumps 31 Percent in 2001» (1/8/02) «This Year May be Second Warmest on Record» (12/18/01) «World Grain Harvest Falling Short by 54 Million Tons: Water Shortages Contributing to Shortfall» (11/21/01) «Rising Sea Level Forcing Evacuation of Island Country» (11/15/01) «Worsening Water Shortages Threaten China's Food Security» (10/4/01) «Wind Power: The Missing Link in the Bush Energy Plan» (5/31/01) «Dust Bowl Threatening China's Future» (5/23/01) «Paving the Planet: Cars and Crops Competing for Land» (2/14/01) «Obesity Epidemic Threatens Health in Exercise - Deprived Societies» (12/19/00) «HIV Epidemic Restructuring Africa's Population» (10/31/00) «Fish Farming May Overtake Cattle Ranching As a Food Source» (10/3/00) «OPEC Has World Over a Barrel Again» (9/8/00) «Climate Change Has World Skating on Thin Ice» (8/29/00) «The Rise and Fall of the Global Climate Coalition» (7/25/00) «HIV Epidemic Undermining sub-Saharan Africa» (7/18/00) «Population Growth and Hydrological Poverty» (6/21/00) «U.S. Farmers Double Cropping Corn And Wind Energy» (6/7/00) «World Kicking the Cigarette Habit» (5/10/00) «Falling Water Tables in China» (5/2/00) Top of page
Just because cooling
causes people to starve and freeze in large numbers, fall over and die in more crashes, pay more for
fuel and
cause more animals and
plants to die doesn't mean we mustn't do all we can to make the world colder and colder.
15 Fossil
Fuels: Coal Decaying
plant matter, when buried under sediment, eventually forms peat (very moist, compact) Further compaction, over time, forces the moisture out of the peat — forms a layer of lignite More compression (compaction), and more moisture is removed, forming a layer of soft coal (bituminous) Higher pressure and higher temperatures
cause the bituminous coal to metamorphose into hard coal (anthracite) Coal
Because
plants take up CO2 during photosynthesis, it has long been assumed that they will provide a large carbon «sink» to help offset increases in atmospheric CO2
caused by the burning of fossil
fuels.
The plunge in natural gas prices
caused a collapse in the price of natural gas -
fueled electricity, which has slumped below the production costs of nuclear
plants.
That is, when the efficiency of the back - up
plants was reduced by over 2 percent due to cycling
caused by the integration of wind energy into the system,
fuel use and emissions of the back - up
plants increased.
When a
plant's efficiency is reduced, its
fuel consumption and emissions increase,
causing unintended consequences that wind proponents do not disclose.
Although India has seemingly abundant coal reserves, the low - quality, high - ash
fuel causes problems when it's used in state - of - the - art power
plants.
The «polar vortex» experienced in late 2013 also
caused additional problems associated with natural gas prices which spiked as Ontario's storage was depleted and Ontario's and the Eastern US gas generation
plants were ramped up just as demand for heating
fuel was high.
Wind is unlikely to
cause any fossil
fuel plants to shut down.
via: Greentech Media and Reuters Global Climate Change Obama Should Implement Carbon Tax, Eminent Climatologist Says 1 in 10,000 Chance Global Warming Not the
Cause of Recent Hot Years Coal - To - Liquids
Fuels Score One For The Stupid
Fuel: Ohio Coal - to - Liquids
Plant Gets Final Permitting Air Force Asks Wall Street Investors for Coal - to - Liquids Money
Before the 2011 accident, in which a tidal wave
caused three of the six nuclear reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi
plant to go into meltdown, Japan only got 62 percent of its electricity from fossil
fuels.
Unless Germany brought an additional 40 billion kWh of generation from its older, more carbon - intensive coal - fired power
plants offline, this planned uptick in fossil
fuel generation would
cause the country's overall carbon emissions to rise by as much as 14 % of the country's 2008 total carbon emissions (33 million tons of CO2), illustrated in Figure 1 below.