«FLEX would provide multiple means of obtaining power and water needed to fulfill the key safety functions of core cooling, containment integrity and spent -
fuel pool cooling that would preclude damage to nuclear fuel,» explains Adrian Heymer, executive director of Fukushima regulatory response at NEI.
Not exact matches
A fire in an electrical switch room on Tuesday briefly knocked out
cooling for a
pool holding spent nuclear
fuel at the Fort Calhoun nuclear plant outside Omaha, Neb., plant officials said.
The real solution, according to Lochbaum and other experts, is to require spent
fuel to be moved from
pools to more permanent storage in massive concrete and steel casks after five years of
cooling down.
The explosions tore open reactor buildings, damaging the 12 - meter - deep
pools where used nuclear
fuel is kept
cool, potentially setting off another meltdown in the
fuel there as the surrounding water drained away or boiled off.
As NRC staff noted during the Fukushima emergency, when there was concern that the spent -
fuel pool at Unit 4 may have lost its
cooling water as well as been damaged by the reactor building explosion, adding cold water to already hot
fuel can create a problem in its own right.
If the
pool leaks or the
cooling system breaks, as happened in Japan, the nuclear
fuel rods could become exposed and release radioactive gas.
At the time of the accident, some feared that
cooling water had drained out of the
pool and exposed the
fuel to air, which might have led to overheating and melting.
The evaluations must ensure that backup
cooling systems for reactors and spent
fuel pools can operate for a long time in «blackout» conditions, where on - site and off - site power is cut off.
After all, the spent
fuel pools that may have been exposed by the power plant explosions contain more than 200 metric tons of used uranium
fuel rods that have been
cooling for weeks, months or even years — and smoke or steam continues to billow from the exposed spent
fuel pool of reactor No. 3.
In the interim, more spent
fuel should be moved from
cooling pools to dry casks, which offer better protection against hazards.
One was a measure prohibiting plant owners from densely packing spent -
fuel pools, requiring them to expedite transfer of all spent
fuel that has
cooled in
pools for at least five years to dry storage casks, which are inherently safer.
The problem of spent
fuel storage Nuclear reactor operators must store spent
fuel removed from reactor cores for several years at least, in large
pools at reactor sites until the remaining heat from the uranium
fuel cools sufficiently.
When auxiliary batteries were exhausted, the plant was without power to continue
cooling reactor cores and spent
fuel pools.
Jaczko, chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, said his staff in Tokyo had been told by Japanese utility officials that
cooling water that normally covers spent
fuel was nearly or totally gone from an uncovered concrete
pool above reactor Unit 4.
The
pools — water - filled basins that store and
cool used radioactive
fuel rods — are so densely packed with nuclear waste that a fire could release enough radioactive material to contaminate an area twice the size of New Jersey.
It notes that a storage facility that could hold spent
fuel for several decades while it
cools could free up space in reactors»
pools, lowering the risk of overheating, loss of coolant, and fires.
And whether or not the 50 tons of water dumped on reactor No. 3 was enough to temporarily
cool the spent
fuel pool, the efforts will need to continue to avoid a significant release of radiation.
The most damaged Daiichi reactor, number 3, contains about 90 tons of
fuel, and the storage
pool above reactor 4, which the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC's) Gregory Jaczko reported yesterday had lost its
cooling water, contains 135 tons of spent
fuel.
TEPCO may have made the problem worse, according to some experts, by storing more spent
fuel in some of the
pools than they could safely
cool.
But those reactors» spent
fuel pools are benefiting from a diesel generator that is still working to keep
cooling water in place, according to World Nuclear News, though temperatures are beginning to rise in these
pools as well.
Many nuclear plants, like Fukushima, store the
fuel onsite at the bottom of deep
pools for at least 5 years while it slowly
cools.
The nuclear spent
fuel produced during 14 years of operation at Rancho Seco was kept
cool in a water
pool on site and is now in protective dry storage.
Spent
fuel assemblies that have been removed relatively recently from reactors are kept in deep
pools of water to
cool them and shield the radiation they emit.
Although
cooling pools provide a relatively small and, hence, difficult target for terrorists, a pinpoint attack could drain a
pool's water, causing the
fuel to overheat and melt.
After removal from the reactor core, spent
fuel assemblies are placed in dedicated spent
fuel storage racks in the below ground spent
fuel pool, which contains four times more water volume for
cooling per
fuel assembly than current designs.
The
pool water volume provides a minimum of 30 days of passive
cooling of the spent
fuel assemblies following a loss of all electrical power without the need for additional water.
In the SMR - 160 power plant, the inventory of
fuel in both the
pool and the reactor is a fraction of that in large reactors, and that entire
fuel inventory is kept
cool without any reliance on pumps and motors.
Response: The Fukushima accident happened when flooding of power plant safety systems caused by the tsunami prevented operation of pumps needed to
cool the nuclear
fuel within the reactor and the
fuel storage
pools, causing that irradiated
fuel to overheat.
Japan's Self - Defense Forces worked to
cool a
fuel rod storage
pool at Reactor No. 3 at the Fukushima Daiichi plant on Friday.
The active reactors, Indian Point 2 and 3, were humming away on Thursday, and a new feature is an open - air pad where spent
fuel taken from crowding
cooling pools is increasingly being stored in «dry casks» — super rugged containers that no engineer has yet figured out how to breach.
Almost immediately, the site's personnel became alarmed over the storage
pools and shifted the remaining
cooling capacity to prevent the overheating of spent
fuel at reactor No. 2.
It took years for the robots to be designed and built for the specific task of swimming through the underwater tunnels of the now - defunct
cooling pools of the Reactor 3 building to remove hundreds of melted
fuel rods.