Highly packed spent
fuel pools at the Japanese facility have caught fire, lost coolant, and released unknown quantities of radioactive material, underscoring the need to remove as much fuel from overcrowded pools as possible.
The Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks led to new requirements to safeguard spent
fuel pools at U.S. reactors, but the overall policy toward the nuclear fuel cycle has been bound up in the fight over the proposed fuel repository at Nevada's Yucca Mountain, which the Obama administration wants to terminate.
In the meantime, highly radioactive waste is being stored on - site in spent
fuel pools at each nuclear plant, with 1500 tons of waste are currently stored at Indian Point.
No containment structures exist over the spent fuel pools; the pools are vulnerable to a loss - of - coolant scenario; mock attack drills reveal accessibility to and vulnerability of spent fuel buildings; and two of the spent
fuel pools at Indian Point have been leaking radioactive materials.
The Indian Point nuclear power plant has a long history of accidental radioactive leaks and spills: spent
fuel pools at the plant housing toxic nuclear waste have been leaking since the 1990s; corroded buried pipes have sprung radioactive leaks; tanks have spilled hundreds of gallons radioactively contaminated water; and malfunctioning valves and pumps have leaked radionuclide - laden water.
As NRC staff noted during the Fukushima emergency, when there was concern that the spent -
fuel pool at Unit 4 may have lost its cooling water as well as been damaged by the reactor building explosion, adding cold water to already hot fuel can create a problem in its own right.
The NRC analysis found that a fire in a spent -
fuel pool at an average nuclear reactor site would cause $ 125 billion in damages, while expedited transfer of spent fuel to dry casks could reduce radioactive releases from pool fires by 99 percent.
Later Thursday, a spokesman for Japan's Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, Yoshitaka Nagayama, said, «Because we have been unable to go the scene, we can not confirm whether there is water left or not in the spent
fuel pool at Reactor No. 4.»
Officials said hydrogen released from the spent
fuel pool at No. 4 may have caused a fire there.
As of midday Thursday, the country's Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency spokesperson Yoshitaka Nagayama, noted that «because we have been unable to go to the scene, we can not confirm whether there is water left or not in the spent
fuel pool at reactor No. 4,» The New York Times reported.
Steam continues to rise in the spent
fuel pool at reactor No. 3, indicating that at least some water is reaching the hot rods.
http://bit.ly/HqmRdo Could the collapse of
the fuel pool at Fukushima Reactor # 4 endanger the Northern Hemisphere?
Not exact matches
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At present 5,900 tons of high - level waste (HLW) in the form of spent
fuel assemblies are sitting in
pools next to operating reactors, together with 75 million gallons of radioactive liquid waste, plus 27 million cubic feet of trans - uranic waste (TRU).
There is currently no approved national repository to begin removing it from temporary spent
fuel pools located on - site
at Indian Point and other U.S. nuclear power plants across the country.
Since
at least August 2005, radioactive contaminants such as tritium and strontium - 90 have been leaking from Indian Point's spent
fuel pools into the groundwater and the Hudson River.
Approximately 1500 tons of spent
fuel is currently stored in densely packed
pools at Indian Point.
The safety of spent
fuel pools, as
at the Fort Calhoun plant outside Omaha, has been an issue since the accident
at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi plant
A fire in an electrical switch room on Tuesday briefly knocked out cooling for a
pool holding spent nuclear
fuel at the Fort Calhoun nuclear plant outside Omaha, Neb., plant officials said.
The safety of deep
pools used to store used radioactive
fuel at nuclear plants has been an issue since the accident
at Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant in March.
«FLEX would provide multiple means of obtaining power and water needed to fulfill the key safety functions of core cooling, containment integrity and spent -
fuel pool cooling that would preclude damage to nuclear
fuel,» explains Adrian Heymer, executive director of Fukushima regulatory response
at NEI.
Such
pools at the nation's 104 nuclear reactors hold more than 45,000 metric tons of the nation's approximately 65,000 metric tons of such used nuclear
fuel.
Fuel units must be stored initially in
pools at reactor sites for about five years, until the decay heat drops enough to permit movement into dry cask containers.
At the time of the accident, some feared that cooling water had drained out of the
pool and exposed the
fuel to air, which might have led to overheating and melting.
If
fuel rods remain uncovered, they may begin to melt, and hot, radioactive
fuel can
pool at the bottom of the vessel containing the reactor.
And a fire
at a
pool storing spent
fuel rods
at dormant reactor No. 4 is posing additional hazards to the few workers remaining
at the site.
One was a measure prohibiting plant owners from densely packing spent -
fuel pools, requiring them to expedite transfer of all spent
fuel that has cooled in
pools for
at least five years to dry storage casks, which are inherently safer.
The problem of spent
fuel storage Nuclear reactor operators must store spent
fuel removed from reactor cores for several years
at least, in large
pools at reactor sites until the remaining heat from the uranium
fuel cools sufficiently.
And although information has been spotty, nuclear experts worry that this
fuel — which should be submerged in circulating water to keep it from overheating — has been
at least partly exposed in the
pools belonging to reactor Nos. 3 and 4.
The Japanese plant has endured partial meltdowns in
at least three of its six reactors, as well as two of its seven
pools for storing spent
fuel.
And the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 2006 suggested the practice of overcrowding
pools for the storage of spent nuclear
fuel rods — that has caused fires and explosions
at Fukushima Daiichi, which stores far less used
fuel than typical U.S. plants — could prove dangerous.
In the interim — which could stretch for a century — used
fuel rods will remain where they are:
at nuclear power plants themselves either in spent
fuel pools or in giant concrete casks on pads.
On September 15, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission affirmed its expert opinion that spent nuclear
fuel could be safely stored on nuclear power plant grounds — whether in
pools or dry casks — for «
at least 60 years beyond the licensed life of any reactor.»
Besides developing better systems for monitoring the
pools, the panel recommends that NRC take another look
at the benefits of moving spent
fuel to other storage as quickly as possible.
Many nuclear plants, like Fukushima, store the
fuel onsite
at the bottom of deep
pools for
at least 5 years while it slowly cools.
The most immediate lesson we need to learn, and we should implement this yesterday, is a serious look
at the state of our on - site spent nuclear
fuel pools.
As we speak, one of the most serious problems happening in Fukushima Daiichi is the spent
fuel pool - fire
at the fourth reactor.
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pool, banking and borrowing flexibility, soft price collar using permit reserve auction
at $ 28 per ton going to 60 % above three - year - average market price» Hard» price collar between $ 12 and $ 25 per ton, floor increases
at 3 % + CPI, ceiling
at 5 % + CPI, plus permit reserve auction, offsets like W - MClean Air Act And StatesNot discussedOnly polluters above 25,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, regional cap and trade suspended until 2017, EPA to set stationary source performance standards in 2016, some Clean Air Act provisions excludedOnly polluters above 25,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, regional cap and trade pre-empted, establishes coal - fired plant performance standards, some Clean Air Act provisions excludedInternational CompetitivenessTax incentives for domestic auto industryFree allowances for trade - exposed industries, 2020 carbon tariff on importsCarbon tariff on importsReferences: Barack Obama, 2007; Barack Obama, 8/3/08; Pew Center, 6/26/09; leaked drafts of American Power Act, 5/11/10.
The nuclear spent
fuel produced during 14 years of operation
at Rancho Seco was kept cool in a water
pool on site and is now in protective dry storage.
The NuScale Power ModulesTM reactor
pool and the spent
fuel pool are located
at or below nominal plant grade level, while the hoisting and handling equipment is located above grade.
This milestone was achieved with the loading of the 13th MAGNASTOR system
at the Kewaunee Power Station in Wisconsin, where MAGNASTOR systems are relied upon to accelerate defueling of the Kewaunee spent
fuel pool as an important element of the plant decommissioning strategy.
To make the reactor self - sufficient in case of any leakage, including a break in the main circulation pump, it is possible to use additionally the water from the spent
fuel storage
pool for
at least 72 hrs (an extra inventory of about 800 m3).
Currently, used
fuel is safely stored in
pools of water or in dry casks
at the nuclear plant site.
The removed «spent»
fuel then is placed into deep
pools of water
at the reactor site, where it continues to generate heat and radiation (Figure 1).
Spent
fuel at many U.S. and other plants has stayed in
pools for much longer than anticipated.
I'll get in a second to why this could be important for you if you're trying to boost your sports performance or to figure out what you're supposed to eat you know, during endurance but the other thing that was interesting was that there was another study that looked
at basically how your body taps into this intramuscular triglyceride and it was found that the, when your body is tapping into intramuscular triglyceride sources, your intramuscular triglyceride
pool to use that stuff as an energy source during exercise, it can actually cause a little bit of an insulin response and cause your pancreas to have to work a little bit, to churn out insulin in order for you to be able to effectively tap into this adipose tissue and so it's one of those things where there is a little bit of stress on the pancreas when you're tapping into these intramuscular triglycerides even though they're used as a really really potent source of
fuel for you when you're out there performing specifically endurance exercise and in this case, for this fasted, male endurance athletes, 60 - 70 % intensity.
Try removal of the seat, looking
at the
fuel system with the key on to see if you see leaks /
fuel pooling there as that might also occur - keep in mind the
fuel is pressurized for the injectors.
During the day, newlyweds can sun
at the third - floor
pool and
at night hit the rooftop revelry and enter a mojito -
fueled scene.
Your stay
at Villa La Perla will include access to its infinity edged swimming
pool, Jacuzzi, large flat screen TVs in every bedroom, a gourmet BBQ, and Wolf dual
fuel range kitchen for your cooking pleasure.
Japan's Self - Defense Forces worked to cool a
fuel rod storage
pool at Reactor No. 3
at the Fukushima Daiichi plant on Friday.