B. terrestris: overall view with arrow - shaped safe site on the thorax (A), safe site above the insertion of antennae on the head (B), dorsal thorax (triangular)(C, D), waist (E), abdomen (F, G), and ventral abdomen (H), A. mellifera: overall view with broad safe site on the thorax and narrow safe site on the abdomen (I), safe site between the eyes (J), dorsal thorax (K), waist (L), and abdomen (M), as well as ventral abdomen (N), dorsal thorax and abdominal safe site under
full spectrum illumination (O) and UV - illumination (P).
Golden shiners were kept at constant temperature (23 ± 0.3 °C) and the
illumination was provided by
full spectrum fluorescent lights for ten hours each day, according to circadian rhythm of this species [61].