Reviews and meta - analyses
of the prevention
of substance abuse (Gottfredson & Wilson, 2003; Lochman & van den Steenhoven, 2002), violence and antisocial
behavior (Fagan & Catalano, 2013; Wilson, Lipsey, & Derzon, 2003), poor mental health (Greenberg et al., 2001; Hoagwood et al., 2007), and positive youth
development (Catalano, Berglund, Ryan, Lonczak, & Hawkins, 2004) have shown that both universal and targeted prevention programs can substantially reduce the rate
of problem behaviors and symptoms, as well as build protective factors that reduce
further risk in child and adolescent populations.