Now Professor Olivier Hanotte from The University of Nottingham and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) in Ethiopia, with Professor Heebal Kim from Seoul National University, have mapped the genomes of five breeds of African cattle and discovered some unique genetic adaptations that could inform and
improve future breeding programs.
Top notch breeders test their puppies and breeding stock to screen affected animals
from future breeding programs in an effort to eliminate these afflictions.
Under no circumstances should an affected animal be used for breeding, nor should the parents or progeny or littermates, which are likely to be carriers, be used in
any future breeding program.
As breeding programs continued, however, there were occasionally yellow and chocolate puppies but due to the breed ideal at the time being for black puppies these outcasts were often removed from litters and
future breeding programs.