Though not etched in stone, as a general rule, most puppies don't gain complete bowel control until around 3 months of age, and do not
gain full bladder control until about 4 months.
Researchers at the University of Twente in the Netherlands conducted a study focused on the decision making skills of people with empty or
full bladders and found that those with fuller
bladders made faster decisions and were better at delaying rewards to increase future
gain; how this research may or may not relate to purchasing a new car or picking where to go to dinner is an exercise left to the reader.