Sentences with phrase «galactic cosmic rays which»

This is also relevant in order to better understand — and hopefully quantify - the hypothetical climate effects of galactic cosmic rays which I'll discuss in a follow - up post.

The solar wind, by modulating the galactic cosmic rays which reach the earth, determines both the formation of clouds and the carbon dioxide level in the earth's atmosphere — which has nothing to do with emissions from factories or automobiles.

The magnetic field strength deflects more or less galactic cosmic rays which are really very high energy charged particles and the interaction between charge and magnetic field strength deflects them just like the magnets on the yoke of a cathode ray tube deflects an electron beam.

Not exact matches

«Our analysis shows that the galactic cosmic rays, which are charged particles energetic enough to penetrate below the lunar surface, can dissociate the water, H2O, into H2 through various potential pathways.»

That «backsplash» of protons, which was discovered by CRaTER and is known as the moon's radiation «albedo,» is caused by the partial reflection of galactic cosmic rays off the moon's surface.

Earth's magnetosphere extends over a radius of a million kilometers, which acts as the first line of defence, shielding us from the continuous flow of solar and galactic cosmic rays, thus protecting life on our planet from these high intensity energetic radiations.

Instead, the craft saw an excess of galactic cosmic rays, which come from sources outside the heliosphere.

Any solar effect (either direct or indirect) which is correlated to solar activity (i.e. solar irradiance, solar magnetic field [and thus galactic cosmic rays], ultraviolet [UV] radiation, etc.) is accounted for in the linear regression.

Comments: 1) The solar magnetic field is an interplanetary magnetic field which, along with the geomagnetic field, and the conductive solar wind, diverts galactic cosmic rays from striking the earth's atmosphere and surface.

In addition to these multiple lines of empirical evidence which contradict the GCR warming theory, the galactic cosmic ray theory can not easily explain the cooling of the upper atmosphere, greater warming at night, or greater warming at higher latitudes.

Once Ulysses was in its scheduled orbit, it began observing the solar wind and magnetic field strength at high solar latitudes, finding that the solar wind from high latitudes was moving at about 750 km / s (slower than expected), and that there were large magnetic waves emerging from high latitudes which scattered galactic cosmic rays.

You may want to modify the story heading and subhead, both of which have «cosmic galactic rays» instead of «galactic cosmic rays.»

Critics of this result might argue that the solar forcing in these experiments is only based on the estimated change in total irradiance, which might be an underestimate, or that does not include potential indirect amplifying effects (via an ozone response to UV changes, or galactic cosmic rays affecting clouds).

Comments: 1) The solar magnetic field is an interplanetary magnetic field which, along with the geomagnetic field, and the conductive solar wind, diverts galactic cosmic rays from striking the earth's atmosphere and surface.

But just to be even clearer, in plain English, what this means is that for the most part it appears that galactic cosmic rays significantly increase the formation of cloud nucleation, the formation of a seed about which vapor can condense, perhaps orders of magnitude more than previously known.

The first is galactic cosmic rays (GCR) which originate from within our galaxy.

A reduction of the solar wind during a prolonged solar minimum event would cause more galactic cosmic rays to enter the earth's atmosphere which would promote more aerosol formation thus more cloud nucleation.

Compounding this would be a weaker geo magnetic field which would allow more galactic cosmic ray penetration into the atmosphere, while perhaps causing excursions of the geo magnetic poles to occur in that they would be in more southern latitudes concentrating incoming galactic cosmic rays in these southern latitudes where more moisture would be available for the cosmic rays to work with, making for greater efficiency in the creation of clouds.

One theory of many behind the solar / volcanic connection is that MUONS, a by product of galactic cosmic rays can affect the calderas of certain volcanoes by changing the chemical composition of the matter within the silica rich magma creating aerosols which increase pressure in the magma chamber and hence lead to an explosive eruption.

The galactic cosmic ray issue is not just about if it may cause an increase in clouds but how it may contribute to an increase in major volcanic activity which would have major climatic due to those items effecting albedo.

c) have a viable hypothesis for a mechanism (nucleation of clouds through galactic cosmic rays, or GCR), which

We have analysed also the factors which could influence the TOZ variability and found that the strongest impact belongs to the multi-decadal variations of galactic cosmic rays.

Cosmogenic isotopes, which are produced by galactic cosmic rays impacting on meteoroids and whose production rate is modulated by the varying HMF convected outward by the solar wind, may offer an alternative tool for the investigation of the HMF in the past centuries.

7.4.5 Impact of Cosmic Rays on Aerosols and Clouds 43 44 High solar acti0vity leads to variations in the strength and three - dimensional structure of the heliosphere, 45 which reduces the flux of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) impinging upon the Earth's atmosphere by increasing 46 the deflection of low energCosmic Rays on Aerosols and Clouds 43 44 High solar acti0vity leads to variations in the strength and three - dimensional structure of the heliosphere, 45 which reduces the flux of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) impinging upon the Earth's atmosphere by increasing 46 the deflection of low energcosmic rays (GCR) impinging upon the Earth's atmosphere by increasing 46 the deflection of low energy GCR.

It's also changes in the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field, which cycles along with energy output and shields the earth from galactic cosmic rays.

Recent work attempts to account for the chain of physical processes in which solar magnetic fi elds modulate the heliosphere, in turn altering the penetration of the galactic cosmic rays, the flux of which produces the cosmogenic isotopes that are subsequently deposited in the terrestrial system following additional transport and chemical processes.

There is an alternative hypothesis, which was put forward by Henrik Svensmark, that cloud concentration, moderated by galactic cosmic rays, could be responsible for all observed paleo evidence.

Any solar effect (either direct or indirect) which is correlated to solar activity (i.e. solar irradiance, solar magnetic field [and thus galactic cosmic rays], ultraviolet [UV] radiation, etc.) is accounted for in the linear regression.

And noting «zonal mean - winds constitute an important element of global atmospheric circulation,» they go on to suggest,» if the solar cycle can influence zonal mean - winds, then it may affect other features of global climate as well, including oscillations such as the NAO and MJO, of which zonal winds are an ingredient» Thus, «the cause of this forcing» as they describe it, «likely involves some combination of solar wind, galactic cosmic rays, ionosphere - Earth currents and cloud microphysics.»

Increasing galactic cosmic rays being a main factor for major volcanic activity to increase and global cloud coverage to increase while less EUV light should result in a more meridional atmospheric circulation which would also result in more clouds and also greater snow coverage.

It has been hypothesized that galactic cosmic rays (GCR) create atmospheric ions which facilitates aerosol nucleation and new particle formation with a further impact on the cloud formation (Kazil et al., 2012; Pierce and Adams, 2009).