According to a 2016 report by CAP and the National Institute for Early Education Research, a high - quality universal pre-K program — meaning any child of age can enroll — would reduce the math achievement
gap at kindergarten entry by 45 percent for African American children and by 78 percent for Hispanic children.
Overview: Recent Trends in Income, Racial, and Ethnic School Readiness
Gaps at Kindergarten Entry
This evidence suggests that a high - quality UPK program would significantly reduce achievement
gaps at kindergarten entry.
Recognizing the tremendous potential for high - quality preschool to improve children's outcomes, this report considers how a universal publicly funded pre-kindergarten program in the United States could decrease both disparities in access to early learning and achievement
gaps at kindergarten entry.
Research suggests that participation in a high - quality early childhood education program can enhance children's development, reduce achievement
gaps at kindergarten entry, and even have long - term benefits for children's school trajectories.
A recent report from NIEER and the Center for American Progress estimates that high - quality full - day pre-K for all would significantly reduce the achievement
gaps at kindergarten entry.
Recent Trends in Income, Racial, and Ethnic School Readiness
Gaps at Kindergarten Entry.
Not exact matches
They found that the achievement
gap between black and white students with similar background characteristics is small or nonexistent
at the time children enter
kindergarten and grows steadily and significantly each year they attend public school.
Instead, the special education
gap begins in
kindergarten, when students classified
at a young age as having a speech or language disorder are less likely than other students to apply to charter schools.
But the slopes are still far from the 45 - degree line, and
at every level of the
kindergarten readiness
gap there exists a very large variation in test score
gaps.
To take a fresh look
at the
gap and its sources, we examined a new data set, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study
Kindergarten Cohort, compiled by the U.S. Department of Education.
Nonetheless, «racial academic achievement
gaps in fourth grade declined
at roughly the same rate as
kindergarten entry
gaps,» said Reardon.
Nevertheless, racial academic achievement
gaps in fourth grade fell
at roughly the same rate as
kindergarten entry
gaps, Reardon said, adding, «This suggests that the primary source of the reduction in racial achievement
gaps in fourth grade is the reduction in
kindergarten readiness
gaps, not a reduction in the rate
at which
gaps change between
kindergarten and fourth grade.»
«This suggests that the primary source of the reduction in racial achievement
gaps in fourth grade is the reduction in
kindergarten readiness
gaps, not a reduction in the rate
at which
gaps change between
kindergarten and fourth grade.»
If Coleman was right, tackling educational achievement
gaps must begin
at or before birth — not
kindergarten.
The first describes the «readiness
gaps»
at kindergarten entry as of 2010.
A
kindergarten class
at Geddes Elementary School in Baldwin Park, a dual language school where English learners have closed the achievement
gap with native speakers.
In addition,
at Kindergarten entry, cognitive and non-cognitive
gaps vary across these types of groups.
These achievement
gaps are concerning: Math and reading abilities
at kindergarten entry are powerful predictors of later school success, and children who enter
kindergarten already behind are unlikely to catch up.
A great deal of focus, both
at the federal and state level, has been placed on expanding access to early education programs — including preschool and
kindergarten — as a way to close achievement
gaps between student subgroups.
Kindergarten Entry Assessment (KEA) is an assessment given to children shortly after arrival at kindergarten to help tailor instruction towards closing the school read
Kindergarten Entry Assessment (KEA) is an assessment given to children shortly after arrival
at kindergarten to help tailor instruction towards closing the school read
kindergarten to help tailor instruction towards closing the school readiness
gap.22
In fact, socioeconomic status is the single largest factor influencing children's school readiness, according to Inequalities
at the Starting Gate: Cognitive and Noncognitive
Gaps among the 2010 — 2011
Kindergarten Classmates.
We know that children who enter
kindergarten with the so - called «word
gap» are
at a tremendous disadvantage.
However, even among those who attend high - quality ECE programs, DLLs begin
kindergarten at an academic disadvantage relative to their non-DLL peers; the
gap widens as children grow older.
Using student - level data, Winters shows that Denver's special education enrollment
gap starts
at roughly 2 percentage points in
kindergarten and is more than triple that in eighth grade.
A recent study published in the Journal of Primary Prevention confirms that PAT measurably improves school readiness, virtually eliminating the achievement
gap normally observed between poor children and their more affluent peers
at the point of
kindergarten entry, and that
gap continued to be narrowed in the third grade.
Each Educare school is a comprehensive early childhood program with intense family engagement aimed
at preventing the achievement
gap seen when low - income children are compared to their middle - income peers, long before they enter
kindergarten.
Studies consistently suggest that exposure to trauma or chronic early life stress may impair the development of executive function skills.6, 7,9,10,11 These skills appear to provide the foundation for school readiness through cognition and behaviour.3, 12 Children with better executive function skills may be more teachable.3 Indeed, in a high - risk sample, children with better executive function skills
at the beginning of
kindergarten showed greater gains in literacy and numeracy than children with poorer initial skills.12 Considering there is evidence that the achievement
gap persists and may even widen across the school years, 16,17 it is critical that high - risk children begin school with as successful of a start as possible.
When children enter
kindergarten, half of the achievement
gap between low - income students and their more affluent peers that exists in high school is already present.22 The federal government can address the developmental needs of young children through child care reform by implementing policies that improve quality starting
at birth and continuing up to age 13.
Despite evidence of the positive impact of high - quality early childhood education for all children, it remains out of reach for most low - and moderate - income families.15 The average price of center - based care in the United States accounts for nearly 30 percent of the median family income, and only 10 percent of child care programs are considered high quality.16 Publicly funded programs — such as Head Start, Early Head Start, child care, and state pre-K programs — are primarily targeted
at low - income families, but limited funding for these programs severely hinders access.17 This lack of access to high - quality early childhood education perpetuates the achievement
gap, evidenced by the fact that only 48 percent of low - income children are ready for
kindergarten, compared with 75 percent of moderate - or high - income children.18
PAT combined with quality preschool reduces the achievement
gap between low - income and more advantaged children
at kindergarten entry.
This word
gap, and similar deficits in social and emotional skills or school - ready behaviors, lead to the achievement
gap whereby society's most vulnerable children begin
kindergarten unprepared for school; fall further behind; and are then
at high risk of dropping out.
«Children from disadvantaged families arrive
at kindergarten with a significant achievement
gap in the knowledge, vocabulary and social skills necessary to compete and succeed in school.