Driving Goals Ultimately, the road trip is to raise the funds needed to build greater awareness and further the development of hydrogen
gas as a fuel source.
To their credit they are exploring options to use
this gas as a fuel source next year.
Not exact matches
Instead of a world dominated by renewable
sources of power like wind and solar —
as people concerned about the dangers of climate change would hope — PE execs see
gas, oil and even coal
as a substantial component of electricity and
fuel sources in 2039, according to recent interviews conducted by CNBC.com on the future of energy
as part of CNBC's 25th anniversary.
«While we know that
gas can play a small part
as a bridging
fuel as to move to greener
sources, the government's decision to sign off upwards of 30GW of new
gas simply flies in the face of warnings about the consequences of a «dash for
gas» on both consumer bills and legally binding climate targets»
«The economic potential from the Marcellus Shale could provide a badly needed boost to the economy of the Southern Tier and even many environmentalists agree we want to produce more domestic natural
gas that reduces the need for environmentally damaging
fuel sources such
as coal,» his campaign statement said, while adding, «Existing watersheds are sacrosanct, and Andrew Cuomo would not support any drilling that would threaten the state's major
sources of drinking water.»
Carbon pollution coming from traditional
fuel sources such
as coal and
gas directly contributes to climate change and is associated with asthma and other lung conditions.
Walter sees the benefits of using methane
as an energy
source as twofold: «Not only does it prevent a potent greenhouse
gas from entering the atmosphere by converting it to weaker greenhouse
gases — water vapor and carbon dioxide — but using it on - site would also reduce the demand for other fossil -
fuel sources.»
Given this promise — in addition to a February 2012 Department of Energy announcement of a $ 30 million competition aimed at finding ways «to harness our abundant supplies of domestic natural
gas for vehicles» — Duoba and his colleague have been ramping up vehicle systems analysis and engine research and testing around CNG
as a way to wean ourselves off of foreign
fuel sources.
By the mid-1800s, coal
gas and solid coke had replaced candles, animal oils, and wood
as the most important
sources of light, heat, and cooking
fuel in many European and American cities.
Domestic industries can make it from a range of chemical feedstocks and energy
sources (for instance, from renewable, nuclear and fossil -
fuel sources), and the nontoxic
gas could serve
as a virtually pollution - free energy carrier for machines of many kinds.
Previously, researchers have produced hydrogen
gas in microbial - powered, batterylike
fuel cells, but only when they supplemented the energy produced by the bacteria with electrical energy from external
sources — such
as that obtained from renewable
sources or burning fossil
fuels, says Bruce Logan, an environmental engineer at Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Compared to cleaner heating
sources such
as natural
gas, these dirty
fuels produce high levels of particulate matter, exposure to which is linked to asthma, obesity, developmental delays, and other health problems.
One of the strongest greenhouse
gases, methane comes from agriculture and fossil
fuel use,
as well
as natural
sources such
as microbes in saturated wetland soils.
But unlike many of the industries capitalizing on the low price of natural
gas, ammonia producers don't use it primarily
as a
fuel source.
Should the market demands for hydrogen
fuel increase with the introduction of
fuel cell electric vehicles, the U.S. will need to produce and store large amounts of cost - effective hydrogen from domestic energy
sources, such
as natural
gas, solar and wind, said Daniel Dedrick, Sandia hydrogen program manager.
Continuing widespread use of coal and low - grade diesel
fuel, which also produce fine particles of soot, leaves China's record
as the world's largest single
source of man - made greenhouse
gas emissions unchallenged.
As Jiang explained, the efficiency of coal conversion technologies remains low, and coal - derived liquid
fuels or coal - based synthetic
gas have lost their price advantage due to falling prices for conventional energy
sources.
A host of factors determine the role of electric and hybrid cars in reducing greenhouse
gas pollution, such
as whether coal is their ultimate
fuel source.
Kyoto regulates all
sources of carbon dioxide
as well
as other greenhouse
gases, but reliable long - term data by country are available only for carbon dioxide from burning fossil
fuels (which accounts for about two - thirds of the human contribution to global warming).
«Hydrogen
gas has immense potential
as a
source of sustainable
fuel, because it generates no carbon emissions,» said Lawrence Livermore lead author Brandon Wood.
Mining free hydrogen
gas as a primary
fuel source could change that, but first scientists need to understand where the
gas goes after it's produced.
Due to methane
gas,
as a primary energy
source, having a noticeably lower cost than electricity, hydrogen could be a cheaper
fuel for vehicles than electricity.
It will focus on catalyst development for four applications: proton exchange membrane
fuel cells to convert stored energy in non-fossil
fuels into electricity; electrolysers for splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen — a potential clean
fuel cell
source; syngas, a mixture of CO and H2, which is generated from coal,
gas and biomass, and widely used
as a key intermediate in the chemical industry; and lithium - air batteries.
The top
sources of air pollution are the burning of fossil
fuels (such
as gas, oil, and coal) and industrial emissions.
A decreased «
fuel» supply that takes longer to refill may not sound too flattering for a $ 29,600 - $ 37,000 car (before substantial potential subsidies), but while we're imagining, imagine the Leaf's «
fuel» costs maybe one - fifth what you'd pay for
gas — an energy
source that's getting comparatively more expensive
as years go by.
Here are the official numbers from the EPA 4x2 F - 150 3.5 L V6: 18 City / 25 Highway / 20 Combined 4x4 F - 150 3.5 L V6: 17 City / 23 Highway / 19 Combined 4x2 F - 150 2.7 L V6 EcoBoost: 19 City / 26 Highway / 22 Combined 4x4 F - 150 2.7 L V6 EcoBoost: 18 City / 23 Highway / 20 Combined 4x2 F - 150 5.0 L V8: 15 City / 22 Highway / 18 Combined 4x4 F - 150 5.0 L V8: 15 City / 21 Highway / 17 Combined 4x2 F - 150 3.5 L V6 EcoBoost: 17 City / 24 Highway / 20 Combined 4x4 F - 150 3.5 L V6 EcoBoost: 17 City / 23 Highway / 19 Combined
Source: Ford Press Release is on Page 2 FORD»S BLUEPRINT FOR SUSTAINABILITY ADVANCES TO NEXT LEVEL; NEW F - 150 LINEUP INCLUDES HIGHEST EPA - ESTIMATED
FUEL ECONOMY RATINGS AMONG GAS - POWERED PICKUPS The new 2015 F - 150 lineup — featuring the toughest, smartest and most capable F - 150s ever — now includes the highest EPA - estimated fuel economy ratings of any full - size gasoline pickup on the market When equipped with available 2.7 - liter EcoBoost ® engine, new F - 150 4x2 has EPA - estimated 19 mpg City, 26 mpg Highway and 22 mpg Combined fuel economy ratings 2015 F - 150 can tow as much as 1,110 pounds more, haul as much as 530 pounds more, has a 5 percent to 16 percent better power - to - weight ratio and new F - 150 EPA fuel economy ratings are 5 to 29 percent better than current models, depending on engine Ford advances to the next level in providing customers with more fuel - efficient vehicles, as the new 2015 F - 150 lineup includes the highest EPA - estimated fuel economy ratings of any gasoline - powered full - size pickup sold in Amer
FUEL ECONOMY RATINGS AMONG
GAS - POWERED PICKUPS The new 2015 F - 150 lineup — featuring the toughest, smartest and most capable F - 150s ever — now includes the highest EPA - estimated
fuel economy ratings of any full - size gasoline pickup on the market When equipped with available 2.7 - liter EcoBoost ® engine, new F - 150 4x2 has EPA - estimated 19 mpg City, 26 mpg Highway and 22 mpg Combined fuel economy ratings 2015 F - 150 can tow as much as 1,110 pounds more, haul as much as 530 pounds more, has a 5 percent to 16 percent better power - to - weight ratio and new F - 150 EPA fuel economy ratings are 5 to 29 percent better than current models, depending on engine Ford advances to the next level in providing customers with more fuel - efficient vehicles, as the new 2015 F - 150 lineup includes the highest EPA - estimated fuel economy ratings of any gasoline - powered full - size pickup sold in Amer
fuel economy ratings of any full - size gasoline pickup on the market When equipped with available 2.7 - liter EcoBoost ® engine, new F - 150 4x2 has EPA - estimated 19 mpg City, 26 mpg Highway and 22 mpg Combined
fuel economy ratings 2015 F - 150 can tow as much as 1,110 pounds more, haul as much as 530 pounds more, has a 5 percent to 16 percent better power - to - weight ratio and new F - 150 EPA fuel economy ratings are 5 to 29 percent better than current models, depending on engine Ford advances to the next level in providing customers with more fuel - efficient vehicles, as the new 2015 F - 150 lineup includes the highest EPA - estimated fuel economy ratings of any gasoline - powered full - size pickup sold in Amer
fuel economy ratings 2015 F - 150 can tow
as much
as 1,110 pounds more, haul
as much
as 530 pounds more, has a 5 percent to 16 percent better power - to - weight ratio and new F - 150 EPA
fuel economy ratings are 5 to 29 percent better than current models, depending on engine Ford advances to the next level in providing customers with more fuel - efficient vehicles, as the new 2015 F - 150 lineup includes the highest EPA - estimated fuel economy ratings of any gasoline - powered full - size pickup sold in Amer
fuel economy ratings are 5 to 29 percent better than current models, depending on engine Ford advances to the next level in providing customers with more
fuel - efficient vehicles, as the new 2015 F - 150 lineup includes the highest EPA - estimated fuel economy ratings of any gasoline - powered full - size pickup sold in Amer
fuel - efficient vehicles,
as the new 2015 F - 150 lineup includes the highest EPA - estimated
fuel economy ratings of any gasoline - powered full - size pickup sold in Amer
fuel economy ratings of any gasoline - powered full - size pickup sold in America.
Along those lines, natural
gas in China has continued to grow
as a
fuel source for both power and use in vehicles.
Our study does not address how the magnitude of the
source types that we present translate into an overall climate impact for natural
gas vs. other
fuel types, nor does it address implications for natural
gas as a bridge
fuel.
An even shorter version is: It is getting warmer; CO2 is a greenhouse
gas and so an increase in it will drive warming (logarithmically without feedbacks); we are taking many gigatons of C out of the earth and dumping it into the biosphere
as CO2; the increase in CO2 and the change of isotopes in the C are consistent with the
source being the fossil
fuels we are burning.
With the degree to which the Obama administration has supported the
gas industry
as a transitional
fuel to get away from coal, it is great to see Fox and Gasland II getting this attention and raising the issues related to this
source of energy.
The piece effectively, if depressingly, reveals why all of the options for slowing or stopping the buildup of this long - lived greenhouse
gas will be nearly impossible to deploy at a scale relevant to the climate challenge
as long
as conventional burning of abundant carbon - rich
fuels — particularly coal — is the cheapest energy
source.
The «growing realization of late» that without an economic substitute for fossil
fuels as an energy
source, greenhouse
gas control is doomed is a no brainer moment.
Although many countries are looking toward low - carbon technologies and clean, renewable energy
sources to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions, fossil
fuels are still our primary energy
source,
as illustrated in BP's «Statistical Review of World Energy 2012».
An anti-Kyoto, Anti-IPCC, anti-regulation lobby group founded and run by Frederick Singer, that has received $ 20,000 from ExxonMobil...
as well
as having received substantial funds from several other fossil -
fuel industry
sources including Shell, Unocal, Texaco, Arco, and the American
Gas Association (see his sworn affidavit at http://tinyurl.com/2rrqz7; HeatIsOnline at: http://tinyurl.com/yqvozw; and Center for Media and Democracy: http://tinyurl.com/yloyf2).
A low - cost emissions - free
source of electricity generation, wind energy will be essential if the province is to reduce its greenhouse
gas emissions by 80 per cent in 2050
as clean electricity will be needed to substitute for fossil
fuels in transportation, industries and buildings.
Higher density
sources of
fuel such
as coal and natural
gas utilized in centrally - produced power stations actually improve the environmental footprint of the poorest nations while at the same time lifting people from the scourge of poverty... Developing countries in Asia already burn more than twice the coal that North America does, and that discrepancy will continue to expand... So, downward adjustments to North American coal use will have virtually no effect on global CO2 emissions (or the climate), no matter how sensitive one thinks the climate system might be to the extra CO2 we are putting back into the atmosphere.
The United States in 2040 will be more energy self - sufficient, a net energy exporter and a lower
source of energy - related carbon emissions
as clean - burning natural
gas becomes the dominant
fuel for generating electricity.
The campus greenhouse
gas reduction plan outlined in the report centers on four key approaches: reducing the overall energy use on campus, reducing the use of fossil
fuels in campus buildings and vehicles, increasing the use of renewable energy
sources to meet campus needs, and minimizing the release of «fugitive»
gases from campus operations such
as specialty research
gases in laboratory buildings.
This technical document gathers new knowledge about the potential of Liquefied Natural
Gas (LNG) powered shipping in the North American Emission Control Area and identifies the necessary conditions for the successful implementation of LNG
as a
fuel source for shipping in the region.
Used
as a
fuel source, it's essentially carbon neutral because photosynthetic organisms survive by metabolizing CO2, a greenhouse
gas.
Now hook up with natural
gas, both at
source and
as companion
fuel.
During a 10 - year investigation detailed in the latest issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research, Stanford University scientist Mark Jacobson isolated the widespread warming effects from all
sources of soot â $» the visible residue of burned wood, crops, oil, biomass and other
fuels â $» from the climate impacts caused by greenhouse
gases such
as carbon dioxide and methane.
1 Executive Summary 2 Scope of the Report 3 The Case for Hydrogen 3.1 The Drive for Clean Energy 3.2 The Uniqueness of Hydrogen 3.3 Hydrogen's Safety Record 4 Hydrogen
Fuel Cells 4.1 Proton Exchange Membrane
Fuel Cell 4.2
Fuel Cells and Batteries 4.3
Fuel Cell Systems Durability 4.4
Fuel Cell Vehicles 5 Hydrogen
Fueling Infrastructure 5.1 Hydrogen Station Hardware 5.2 Hydrogen Compression and Storage 5.3 Hydrogen
Fueling 5.4 Hydrogen Station Capacity 6 Hydrogen
Fueling Station Types 6.1 Retail vs. Non-Retail Stations 6.1.1 Retail Hydrogen Stations 6.1.2 Non-Retail Hydrogen Stations 6.2 Mobile Hydrogen Stations 6.2.1 Honda's Smart Hydrogen Station 6.2.2 Nel Hydrogen's RotoLyzer 6.2.3 Others 7 Hydrogen
Fueling Protocols 7.1 SAE J2601 7.2 Related Standards 7.3
Fueling Protocols vs. Vehicle Charging 7.4 SAE J2601 vs. SAE J1772 7.5 Ionic Compression 8 Hydrogen Station Rollout Strategy 8.1 Traditional Approaches 8.2 Current Approach 8.3 Factors Impacting Rollouts 8.4 Production and Distribution Scenarios 8.5 Reliability Issues 9
Sources of Hydrogen 9.1 Fossil
Fuels 9.2 Renewable
Sources 10 Methods of Hydrogen Production 10.1 Production from Non-Renewable
Sources 10.1.1 Steam Reforming of Natural
Gas 10.1.2 Coal Gasification 10.2 Production from Renewable
Sources 10.2.1 Electrolysis 10.2.2 Biomass Gasification 11 Hydrogen Production Scenarios 11.1 Centralized Hydrogen Production 11.2 On - Site Hydrogen Production 11.2.1 On - site Electrolysis 11.2.2 On - Site Steam Methane Reforming 12 Hydrogen Delivery 12.1 Hydrogen Tube Trailers 12.2 Tanker Trucks 12.3 Pipeline Delivery 12.4 Railcars and Barges 13 Hydrogen Stations Cost Factors 13.1 Capital Expenditures 13.2 Operating Expenditures 14 Hydrogen Station Deployments 14.1 Asia - Pacific 14.1.1 Japan 14.1.2 Korea 14.1.3 China 14.1.4 Rest of Asia - Pacific 14.2 Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA) 14.2.1 Germany 14.2.2 The U.K. 14.2.3 Nordic Region 14.2.4 Rest of EMEA 14.3 Americas 14.3.1 U.S. West Coast 14.3.2 U.S. East Coast 14.3.3 Canada 14.3.4 Latin America 15 Selected Vendors 15.1 Air Liquide 15.2 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 15.3 Ballard Power Systems 15.4 FirstElement
Fuel Inc. 15.5 FuelCell Energy, Inc. 15.6 Hydrogenics Corporation 15.7 The Linde Group 15.8 Nel Hydrogen 15.9 Nuvera
Fuel Cells 15.10 Praxair 15.11 Proton OnSite / SunHydro 15.11.1 Proton Onsite 15.11.2 SunHydro 16 Market Forecasts 16.1 Overview 16.2 Global Hydrogen Station Market 16.2.1 Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.2.2 Hydrogen Stations Capacity 16.2.3 Hydrogen Station Costs 16.3 Asia - Pacific Hydrogen Station Market 16.3.1 Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.3.2 Hydrogen Stations Capacity 16.3.3 Hydrogen Station Costs 16.4 Europe, Middle East and Africa 16.4.1 Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.4.2 Hydrogen Station Capacity 16.4.3 Hydrogen Station Costs 16.5 Americas 16.5.1 Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.5.2 Hydrogen Station Capacity 16.5.3 Hydrogen Station Costs 17 Conclusions 17.1 Hydrogen
as a
Fuel 17.2 Rollout of
Fuel Cell Vehicles 17.3 Hydrogen Station Deployments 17.4 Funding Requirements 17.5 Customer Experience 17.6 Other Findings
But the CPP guidelines could be followed only by changing the power
sources themselves, from coal to natural
gas, and from fossil
fuels altogether to renewables such
as wind and solar.
This evidence includes multiple finger - print and attribution studies, strong correlations between fossil
fuel use and increases in atmospheric greenhouse
gas concentrations, carbon isotope evidence that is supports that elevated carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are from fossil
sources, and model predictions that best fit actual observed greenhouse
gas concentrations that support human activities
as the
source of atmospheric concentrations.
This technical document gathers new knowledge about the potential of Liquefied Natural
Gas (LNG) powered shipping in the North American Emission Control Area and identify the necessary conditions for the successful implementation of LNG
as a
fuel source for shipping in the region.
Finally, it should be noted that socioeconomic hypotheses associated with the lower emission trajectories (such
as the one commented upon by Tim Worstall) imply a greatly increased use of nuclear and fossil
fuels, especially cooal and natural
gas, and the share of renewable
sources reaching much less than the «80 %» claimed by the recent «renewable energy» IPCC report.
Railways are working on a transition away from diesel - powered locomotives to alternative
fuel sources such
as liquefied natural
gas (LNG), but the pace is slow.
Getting greenhouse
gas emissions to 60 percent below the 1990 level will require four types of measures: aggressive energy efficiency, aggressive electrification, decarbonizing electricity (such
as by using renewable energy
sources) and decarbonizing the remaining
fuel supply (such
as by using biofuels).
Moreover, in a world where fossil
fuel resources are shrinking every year, and where the extraction of «residual»
sources such
as deepwater oil, tar sands and shale
gas come with great environmental and safety risks, bioenergy production can also contribute to national energy security.