Unlike the scenarios developed by the IPCC and reported in Nakicenovic et al. (2000), which examined possible global futures and associated greenhouse - related emissions in the absence of measures designed to limit anthropogenic climate change, RCP4.5 is a stabilization scenario and assumes that climate policies, in this instance the introduction of a set of global greenhouse
gas emissions prices, are invoked to achieve the goal of limiting emissions and radiative forcing.
Not exact matches
«The other
emissions come from things like landfill
gas emissions, agriculture tilling — the release of methane through soil — those types of
emissions are really difficult to measure and calculate, so generally for carbon
pricing programs you don't cover those
emissions.»
Coal remains cheaper, but when you factor in the reduced capital cost (
gas plants cost between a quarter and a third what coal plants of equivalent output do), the life - cycle costs point to
gas, even in the absence of a
price on carbon
emissions.
With high oil
prices persistently poised to derail the global economy, with large economies like Germany and Japan swearing off nuclear in the wake of the Fukushima Daiichi disaster, with coal hampered by looming
emissions caps, unexpectedly abundant
gas seems poised to fill the energy void.
PCE's default option, ECOplus, is 50 % renewable and 75 % greenhouse
gas emissions free, at a generation rate that is
priced 5 % less than PG&E.
CCS really amounts to a combined GHG and natural
gas hedge which, in a world of really expensive
gas, allows you to maintain lower electricity
prices than you perhaps otherwise would be able to as you can continue to use relatively cheap and plentiful coal while capturing and storing the
emissions.
As the biggest station operator and supplier of natural
gas for transportation in the U.S., the company should benefit from higher oil
prices and more focus on reducing
emissions likely to drive many truck operators to consider this new engine.
In his year - end interviews, and in the final days of the fall sitting of the House of Commons, Prime Minister Stephen Harper said it would be crazy to impose additional costs on Canada's oil and
gas sector in a time of low
prices if the U.S. was not enacting similar carbon
emission policies.
Higher
prices give businesses and consumers the incentive to modify energy use and make wise investments to reduce greenhouse
gas (GHG)
emissions over time.
While both governments remain committed to finding new markets for Canada's oil and
gas, they have voiced strong support for increasing clean energy production and exports in order to reduce carbon
emissions and the impact of fluctuating oil
prices on Canada's economy.
Since 2008, a renaissance in electric vehicle manufacturing has occurred due to advances in batteries and energy management, concerns about increasing oil
prices, and the need to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions.
Report Modelling the Impact of the Climate Leadership Plan & Federal Carbon
Price on British Columbia's Greenhouse
Gas Emissions (December 2016)
China's push to become a major maker of solar panels has driven down global
prices by close to 90 percent over the past decade, helping international efforts to curb
emissions of planet - warming greenhouse
gases.
Wants to lower
emissions standards to try to reduce
gas prices.
Despite efforts to reduce
emissions, unusually high
gas prices in 2006 meant more electricity was generated by coal, the environment secretary explained.
Designed to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions from electricity generation, the carbon
price floor (CPF) first appeared in George Osborne's budget speech in March 2011.
Oral Questions - UK's balance of trade with the EU Oral Questions - Office for National Statistics review of the methodology of calculating changes in
prices Oral Questions - How the draft Energy Bill will deliver reductions in greenhouse
gas emissions Legislation - Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Bill
Shale
gas has the potential to transform our energy outlook, reducing our carbon
emissions, reliance on foreign oil, and most importantly,
prices.
Combination of economic trends and policies Still, for now an array of Obama administration actions and economic trends are conspiring to cut
emissions, according to EIA: Americans are using less oil because of high gasoline
prices; carmakers are complying with federal fuel economy standards; electricity companies are becoming more efficient; state renewable energy rules are ushering wind and solar energy onto the power grids;
gas prices are competitive with coal; and federal air quality regulations are closing the dirtiest power plants.
They point to the fact that low natural
gas prices and the recession helped push regional greenhouse
gas output below
emission limits before the program got started in 2009, leaving little incentive for utilities to do anything further (ClimateWire, Jan. 12).
Incorporating a
pricing mechanism into our climate policy would likely be more efficient at driving down greenhouse
gas emissions at a lower cost than the current policy of regulating such
emissions under the Clean Air Act.
If the process could be applied to other common industrial metals such as copper, it would have the potential to significantly lower
prices as well as reduce the air pollution and greenhouse
gas emissions associated with traditional production.
We need to explore the adoption of universal, international
pricing of greenhouse
gas emissions.
Yet the analysis shows that even with higher
gas prices, coal plants still fail to be economically competitive under the new greenhouse
gas rule, which requires that fossil plants not exceed
emission rates of 1,000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt - hour.
In that regard, I introduced the first Cap and Dividend legislation in the United States Congress, which would have put a
price on greenhouse
gas emissions and rebated the proceeds to consumers in the form of a Healthy Climate Dividend.
Adding a
price on carbon
emissions at even a «modest» level of $ 25 per ton would make new nuclear energy competitive with coal and natural
gas even if the risk premium remains, the MIT study concludes.
In the interim, many airlines are offering ways to offset the greenhouse
gas emissions associated with air travel, such as U.S. - based Delta Air Line's program with The Conservation Fund to plant trees in return for $ 5.50 that passengers are given the option of adding to the
price of a domestic round - trip ticket or $ 11 for international round - trip flights.
The largest
emissions savings would be in oil and
gas exporting countries, where fewer poor people would be affected, and subsidy removal can be aided by currently low oil
prices.
They found that
emissions declined from 2.7 billion tons to an estimated 1.9 billion tons and revealed a strong link to natural
gas prices as being a driving market force.
The biggest driver of lower carbon dioxide
emissions has been declining natural
gas prices, which has allowed the industry to replace coal - fired power plants economically with cleaner natural
gas power plants — and without a costly regulatory mandate,» said Jeffrey J. Anderson, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Engineering and Public Policy.
Stricter
emissions requirements on coal - fired power plants, together with low natural
gas prices, have contributed to a recent decline in the use of coal for electricity generation in the United States, she said.
Some want to emulate the success of the United States in bringing down energy
prices via shale
gas - a fossil fuel that can help cut greenhouse
emissions if it replaces coal but at the same time can divert investments from cleaner energy.
Coal - fired power plants are shuttering thanks in part to stricter
emissions laws and low natural
gas prices.
However, the Clean Air Act is not the ideal vehicle for cutting greenhouse
gas emissions, Parenteau said, suggesting that
pricing carbon would yield better and faster results than setting compliance targets for individual states.
A boom in domestic natural
gas production, historically low
prices, and increased scrutiny over fossil fuels» carbon
emissions.
Baldick estimated that the United States would have to adopt a national climate policy imposing a
price of $ 30 per ton of greenhouse
gas emissions before wind power can stand on its own economically — a target that appears out of reach politically, at least for now.
Proponents say that today energy utilities find greater benefit in a technology that puts the financial risk up front, in the construction cost, and has little vulnerability to later swings in the
price of fuel, as natural
gas does, or to changes in
emissions regulations, as coal faces.
But with energy use in commercial buildings accounting for nearly 20 percent of U.S. greenhouse
gas emissions and oil
prices rising, the EPA touts the program as a fiscally and environmentally sound corporate strategy.
That surge was fueled, in large part, because of a growing economy, falling coal
prices and a cold winter, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced Thursday in its annual greenhouse
gas emissions inventory.
After committing to support these resolutions for increased carbon
emission disclosure, the CEOs of both companies also publicly endorsed
pricing greenhouse
gas emissions.
Inslee, Jerry Brown and Kate Brown talked about the efforts underway in each of their states to curb greenhouse
gas emissions through initiatives such as renewable energy and grid modernization, electrification of transportation infrastructure, energy efficiency and policies to
price or cap carbon
emissions.
«(i) increase the percentage of
emissions that can be offset through the use of international offset credits to reflect the amount that 1.0 billion exceeds the number of domestic offset credits the Administrator determines is available, at
prices generally equal to or less than
emission allowance
prices, for that year, up to a maximum of 0.5 billion tons of greenhouse
gas emissions; and
Less commonly, countries spoke of reducing the use of inefficient coal - fired power plants, lowering methane
emissions from oil and
gas production, reforming fossil fuel subsidies, and carbon
pricing, the report says.
GCAM uses market forces to reach a specified greenhouse
gas emission target by allowing global economics to put a
price on carbon.
Efforts to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions from the agriculture and forestry sectors could lead to increased food
prices — but new research identifies strategies that could help mitigate climate change while avoiding steep hikes in food
prices.
Executive Summary Around the world, governments are establishing carbon
pricing systems to put a
price - tag on greenhouse
gas emissions and incentivize more climate friendly practices.
Executive Summary Putting a
price on carbon, based on the polluter pays principle, has the potential to be a powerful policy tool to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions in the fight against climate change.
«The methodology can not be used to infer anything about the direct impacts of specific policies, such as power plant
emissions limits or renewable portfolio standards, or the effect that changes in relative
prices may have on fuel choice, such as the impact of the change in supply or
price of natural
gas or renewables may have had on the competitiveness of coal.
Using corn to produce ethanol has driven up food
prices in recent years, and converting forests and other areas into farmland to grow more corn for biofuels may well negate ethanol's improved greenhouse
gas emissions (GHG).
This study examines how substituting biofuels for gasoline may increase greenhouse
gas emissions as farmers worldwide respond to higher
prices and convert forest and grassland to new cropland to replace the grain or cropland diverted to biofuels.