MacDonald, I.R., L.C. Bender, M. Vardaro, B. Bernard, and J.M. Brooks, Thermal and visual time - series at a seafloor
gas hydrate deposit on the Gulf of Mexico slope, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 233 (1 - 2), 45 - 59, 2005.
That Shakhova 2010 paper opens with: «The sharp growth in methane emission (50 Gt over 1 - 5 years) from destructed
gas hydrate deposits on the ESS should result in an increase in the global surface temperature by 3.3 C by the end of the current century instead of the expected 2C.»
What this exciting new research vessel will allow us to learn about seafloor spreading, earthquakes, magma flow,
gas hydrate deposits, continental drift, and more, will expand scientific knowledge about the Earth and contribute to our ability as humans to withstand its extreme forces.
Methane is a greenhouse gas 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide, and it is thought that
some gas hydrate deposits could become unstable if disturbed.
Characterization of
Gas Hydrate Deposits.
Not exact matches
Recent estimates indicate that just 1 percent of Earth's
hydrate deposits could yield enough natural
gas to meet American needs for 170,000 years at current rates.
Gas hydrates, icelike
deposits of methane locked away in permafrost and buried at the ocean bottom, may pose a threat to our climate (see Discover, March 2004).
Far more is locked away in frozen
deposits called methane
gas hydrates.
Under most frozen
hydrate deposits is a layer of free methane
gas occupying the pore spaces in the sediment.
Interest in
hydrates has skyrocketed in recent years because global
deposits are thought to harbor more fuel energy than all the world's coal, oil and natural
gas reserves combined.
Given the vastness of the world's marine methane
hydrate deposits — more than twice the carbon reserves of all other fossil fuels combined — it's not surprising that government agencies and the petroleum and natural
gas industries have long been interested in harvesting this new energy supply.
In March, Japan became the first country to successfully extract methane from frozen undersea
deposits called
gas hydrates.
Winning such claims can open the door to oil, natural
gas, mineral
deposits, methane
hydrates and even shellfish.
This task is made easier by not quantifying the likely magnitude of CH4
deposits in the Arctic, not specifying CH4 sources (
hydrates, sedimentary
gas, yedoma and resumption of biota decay), and not examining the differing vulnerability of those
deposits to global warming in general and Arctic amplification in particular.
In Siberian permafrost, large
deposits of methane
gas are trapped in ice, forming what is called a
gas hydrate.
What is concerning is the possibility that rapid global warming could occur faster than many people believe is possible, if global warming due to atmospheric carbon dioxide causes the Earth's atmosphere to warm enough to release enormous
deposits of frozen methane (CH4) that are stored in the permafrost above the Arctic Circle and in frozen methane ice, known as methane
hydrate, underneath the floors of the oceans throughout the world (see: How Methane
Gas Releases Due To Global Warming Could Cause Human Extinction).
So,
hydrates are highly concentrated
deposits of methane compared to free
gas reservoirs, at least for
gas reservoirs located above a few km of burial.
These new projects, managed by the Energy Department's National Energy Technology Laboratory, will focus research on field programs for deepwater
hydrate characterization, the response of methane
hydrate systems to changing climates, and advances in the understanding of
gas -
hydrate - bearing
deposits.
[20] Other problems facing commercial exploitation are detection of viable reserves and development of the technology for extracting methane
gas from the
hydrate deposits.
Economic
deposits of
hydrate are termed Natural Gas Hydrate (NGH) and are unique in that they store 164 m3 of methane, 0.8 m3 water in 1 m3 h
hydrate are termed Natural
Gas Hydrate (NGH) and are unique in that they store 164 m3 of methane, 0.8 m3 water in 1 m3 h
Hydrate (NGH) and are unique in that they store 164 m3 of methane, 0.8 m3 water in 1 m3
hydratehydrate.
Also, most of the methane is in the deep
gas deposits, not in the possible regional layer of shallow methane
hydrate possibly associated with the Yamal crater.
On catastrophic methane degassing: Shakova and Semiletov have proposed a mechanism — the destabilisation of the permafrost cap overlying large methane
hydrate deposits that contain a high proportion of free
gas.
Here in Oregon we are the somewhat unwitting hosts of a great deal of methane
hydrate research by Oregon State University, some Texas university people (and backing by the good old Houston - based
gas industry), of
deposits on and near the ocean floor on the Gorda Ridge just off our coast, which is a consequence of the subduction zone geomorphology of the area.
One implication of
gas moving around and pooling like this is that the
hydrate concentration can be higher, even to the point of what they call massive
deposits, lumps of nearly pure
hydrate.