Sentences with phrase «gas phase as»

To pursue this idea, it is first noted that N2, O2 and Ar all would remain in the gas phase as terrestrial air CO2 is brought down to its depositional temperature.

1: Thermodynamics and charge balance place serious restraints on the ability of dissolved carbon dioxide to pass into the gas phase as a result of local temperature changes.

Not exact matches

Raitt's three - year timeline to fully dispose of older DOT - 111A tankers (and immediate phase - out of 5,000 of the most vulnerable cars) is going to be a difficult one to meet given the existing capacity for suppliers to build new tankers, as well as the desire of oil and gas companies to continue the exponential increases in oil - by - rail shipments into the future.

The Canadian Labour Congress and the Climate Action Network of Canada co-hosted a discussion event on Thursday night that focused on job creation and facilitating a transition for the coal, oil and gas sectors — all of which will gradually be phased out as the world moves to a clean energy economy.

At some point, to extend an earlier metaphor, we may see a phase change — just as water goes from liquid to gas at the boiling point, this explosion of new niche audiences may create a political environment that is so changed that it's clearly a new structure.

With the discovery of larger commercial quantities of oil and gas in deep water offshore Ghana, It became necessary for the bill to passed as the new phase of oil exploration has comes with new challenges with actual development, production and utilisation of its oil and gas resources.

«Reducing carbon pollution from electric power plants is a good start, but the goal must be phasing out coal, oil, and natural gas as our energy sources,» said Howie Hawkins, Green candidate for Governor of New York (http://www.howiehawkins.org).

Despite a global phase - out of CFCs such as Freon, newly detected gases threaten the ozone layer's recovery.

In contrast to the high - temperature, gas - phase synthesis used for conventional nanotubes, kinetic chemical control such as is employed in organic chemistry is used for the synthesis of the nanothreads.

Using a mathematical model known as the Ising model, invented to describe phase transitions in statistical physics, such as how a substance changes from liquid to gas, the Johns Hopkins researchers calculated the probability distribution of methylation along the genome in several different human cell types, including normal and cancerous colon, lung and liver cells, as well as brain, skin, blood and embryonic stem cells.

The MIT team, as well as some of the other research groups, developed instruments that specifically targeted these hard - to - measure compounds, which Kroll describes as «still in the gas phase, but sticky.»

Beyond and between these stars and galaxies are all manner of matter in various phases, such as gas and dust.

As no direct coordination via the nitrogen atom took place, the researchers assume a reaction from the gas phase with a potential activation on the ammonia molecule.

Rather than articulating the need to phase out technologies that use that atmosphere as a waste dump, the PCAST report recommends the expansion of a natural gas industry whose existence depends on us allowing them to pollute our skies.

There are many processes, such as propulsion, in which fluid in a supercritical state, where the temperature and pressure put a substance beyond a distinguishable liquid or gas phase, is injected in an environment of supercritical thermodynamic conditions.

The results indicate that, in contrast to UO2 (H2O) +, the protactinium hydroxide isomer, PaO (OH) 2 +, is produced as a gas - phase species close in energy to the hydrate isomer, PaO2 (H2O) +.

Phases of matter such as liquid, gas, solid and plasma are physical properties of matter.

As a bonus, ALD occurs in the gas phase, so it doesn't require any solution processing and is considered to be a more sustainable deposition technique.»

Sakai al. have found that carbon - chain molecules and their related species such as cyclic - C5H2 almost completely disappear from the gas phase inside a raius of 100 AU around the protostar.

The key to air conditioning is evaporation: the cooling occurs when a liquid absorbs energy from its surroundings and changes phase to evaporate as a gas.

To prevent this, the ELVOCs are directly ionized under atmospheric conditions in the gas phase, and subsequently transported as an electrically charged ELVOC - molecule into the sensor (mass spectrometer), where the detection takes place.

As lava rises from the depths toward the surface, volatiles dissolved within it change phase from liquid to gas, expanding in the process.

The study of the chemical and physical processes that occur in the interface between two phases of matter, such as solid to liquid or liquid to gas.

«They are likely formed on icy grains in the disk and then released into the gas phase because of heating from stellar radiation or some other means, such as shocks,» says co-author Zhi - Yun Li of the University of Virginia.

The small Delta age at WD provides valuable opportunities to investigate the timing of atmospheric greenhouse gas variations relative to Antarctic climate, as well as the interhemispheric phasing of the \ «bipolar seesaw \».

The report warns that natural gas will have to be phased out along with coal, if the world is to limit warming to 1.5 ˚C, as spelt out in the Paris Agreement long term temperature goal.

LONDON — The European Commission is proposing a gradual phase - out of HFC - 134a, a gas used as a refrigerant in vehicle air - conditioning systems, with an outright ban on the gas by 2018.

«We will phase out cars with only an internal combustion engine, with gas hybrid versions as a transitional option as we move towards full electrification.

This solid to gas phase change is known as sublimation and removes nearly all the moisture from the product, while retaining most of the nutrients.

Methane hydrate seems menacing as a source of gas that can spring aggressively from the solid phase like pop rocks (carbonated candies).

«Our goal,» say Kramer and Gremban, «is to persuade Toyota and other automakers to build PHEVs for a market we expect to expand as the Kyoto Protocols and parallel state and international greenhouse gas initiatives are phased in.»

Coal production would ramp up as coal - fired plants are being phased out in favor of cheaper natural gas and carbon - free renewable energy.

15 October, Kigali: Climate Action Network welcomes the outcome reached in Kigali under the Montreal Protocol to phase down «super greenhouse gases» known as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

The competing theories are (there was / is no theory competition) are: 1) The «late veneer theory» (the late veneer theory is connected with the fossil fuel theory, where a tiny amount of CO2 is recycled in the upper mantle) vs / or 2) The deep core CH4 theory (See the late Nobel prize winnings, Astrophysics» Thomas Gold's book «Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels», where there is a large continuous input of CH4 and CO2 into the biosphere from CH4 that is extrude from the core of the earth as it solidifies, which explains Humlum et al's CO2 phase analysis result paradox and roughly 50 different geological paradoxes / anomalies) as to the origin of the earth's atmosphere, oceans, and «natural» gas / crude oil.

The scientists warned, however, that when the current cooling phase turns, the upward march of temperatures is likely to resume, perhaps at faster rates than before as greenhouse gas emission rates are higher.

Professor Kevin Anderson, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and the Teesside University said: «If the EU is to transform its energy system to align with the Paris temperature and equity commitments, it can not continue with business as usual and must instead initiate a rapid phase out of all fossil fuels including natural gas.

Some outlets have incorrectly reported that the World Bank Group will eliminate only their finance for fossil fuel exploration, but it's even bigger than that: the World Bank described it as a commitment to end «upstream oil and gas finance,» which means they're planning to phase out all of their extraction - related finance.

This condensate is made up of light hydrocarbons we find as a gas phase fluid in the reservoir.

Model additions include results from (i) quantum chemical calculations that clarify the previously uncertain gas phase mechanism of formation of MSA and (ii) a combination of published and experimental estimates of OSC emissions, such as those from marine, agricultural, and urban processes, which include pet waste and human breath.

China's HFC emissions are on the rise as these gases are increasingly used as refrigerants in place of CFCs and HCFCs, which are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol.

Sulfate / cloud anticorrelation in the GCM strengthens if we extinguish gas - phase sulfate production beneath clouds, as should happen since the oxidant OH is photochemically generated.

This collection of Fact Sheets focuses on the work undertaken by UNIDO, in its capacity as Implementing Agency of the Montreal Protocol, to phase - out ozone depleting substances which also are high global warming potential gases, by introducing alternatives with zero ozone - depleting potential and low global warming potential.

In Germany, coal demand declines even as nuclear power is progressively phased out, with coal use remaining highly sensitive to the relative prices of coal, natural gas and carbon dioxide (CO2).

«Oil majors have had phases of prioritising value over volume in the past, but that has to become permanent, as the risk premium for pursuing high cost projects is increasing,» said Paul Spedding, former global head of oil and gas research at HSBC and adviser to Carbon Tracker.

As the concentration of gaseous water (water «vapor») in the atmosphere is on the order of 3o, 000 to 40,000 ppm, this trace greenhouse gas really * is * the invisible 800 lb gorilla in the room even if we ignore the phase change effects.

EIA has released a new report exposing leading U.S. retailers such as Walmart, Publix, and Safeway as doing little to meet public commitments to phase out hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), some of the most potent greenhouse gases (GHGs), used most commonly in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

The main purpose of the first phase (development of the RCPs) is to provide information on possible development trajectories for the main forcing agents of climate change, consistent with current scenario literature allowing subsequent analysis by both Climate models (CMs) and Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs).1 Climate modelers will use the time series of future concentrations and emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants and land - use change from the four RCPs in order to conduct new climate model experiments and produce new climate scenarios as part of the parallel phase.

Li et al., 2017 (DOI: 10.1016 / j.quascirev.2017.01.009): «Additionally, increased El Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) strength (possibly El Ni ~ no - like phases) during drying periods, increased volcanic eruptions and the resulting aerosol load during cooling periods, as well as high volumes of greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4 during the recent warming periods, may also play a role in partly affecting the climatic variability in NC, superimposing on the overall solar dominated long - term control.»

«The NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX - GDDP) dataset is comprised of downscaled climate scenarios for the globe that are derived from the General Circulation Model (GCM) runs conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and across two of the four greenhouse gas emissions scenarios known as Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs).

Such as quickly phasing out all coal power generation, mining and exports and replacing it with gas turbines for a massive emmisions saving.