The analysis, published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology, addressed both fuel cycle and vehicle manufacturing cycle for the following vehicle types:
gasoline and diesel internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs); flex fuel vehicles; compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles; hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs); hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs); battery electric vehicles (BEVs); and plug - in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs).
For one, a fuel cell is far more efficient than
gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines.
For more engine power, and to augment the benefits of forced induction (by means of turbocharging or supercharging), an aftermarket water injection system can be added to the induction system of
both gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines.
Not exact matches
Customers will still be able to buy a Jaguar or a Land Rover with a
gasoline - or
diesel - burning
internal combustion engine after 2020, but it will also come with an on - board electric motor to help improve gas mileage
and reduce exhaust emissions.
Gasoline /
Diesel Engine: all
internal lubricated parts - engine block - cylinder head (s)- exhaust manifold - expansion plugs harmonic balancer - intake manifold - mounts - oil pan (excluding drain plug related failures) rotary engine rotor housing - timing belt / chain
and tensioner - timing chain cover - valve cover (s)- water pump - electric coolant pump - electric oil pump -
diesel accessory vacuum pump, lift pump, injectors
and injector pump - manufacturer - installed turbocharger (s), bypass valve (s), blow - off valve (s), intercooler
and waste gate (s)- manufacturer installed supercharger.
Engine: All
internal and external engine components for both
gasoline,
and diesel engines.
Ingenium's modular design enables both
gasoline and diesel engines to share many common
internal components
and calibration strategies.
A surge in electric vehicle sales
and higher efficiency in
internal combustion
and jet engines are expected to slow demand growth for fuels such as
gasoline,
diesel and aviation fuel in the coming decades, potentially putting pressure on refining profits.