Louise Barrett, Robin Dunbar and Patsy Dunbar of University College in London analysed observations made of
gelada baboons in Ethiopia.
Herds of
gelada monkeys in Ethiopia are unfazed by wolves wandering through to hunt rodents, but is one domesticating the other just as humans did with dogs?
The grunts, moans and wobbles
of gelada monkeys, a chatty species residing in Ethiopia's northern highlands, observe a universal mathematical principle seen until now only in human language.
Given this fact, the researchers wondered
if gelada baboons engage in a behavior known as tactical deception.
Gelada baboons (
Theropithecus gelada) live in small units, which consist of up to a dozen females, a few subordinate males and a dominant male, who holds exclusive reproductive rights to the females.
They don't scare away other predators that prey
on geladas — the researchers saw feral dogs kill numerous monkeys during the study.
Geladas live in an open grassland habitat and typically produce loud vocal calls during mating, so the dominant male should be able to easily detect any infidelity and stop it from happening.
To see if
geladas take steps to conceal their unfaithfulness, le Roux and her colleagues observed the mating behaviors of 19 reproductive units living in the Simien Mountains National Park in Ethiopia.
But le Roux thinks it's more likely the
cheating geladas are taking into account the visual and acoustic perspectives of their leaders.
And even more surprisingly, the wolves in the study don't try to eat the
baby geladas — an easy - to - get meal.
The
adult geladas quickly mobbed the wolf, which dropped the baby monkey unharmed and ran off.
Geladas spend the bulk of their days sitting in fields eating grass, and by night they climb onto the ledges of cliff faces to sleep.
According to Barrett: «Ecological constraints acting on juveniles determine the level of social interaction between infant and
juvenile gelada.»
A sense of sheer joy is coupled with the ever - present danger posed by predators in a less - colourful, but no less spectacular, image of
spirited gelada baboons as the sun sets on the Ethiopian Highlands [Additional file 3].
The baboon -
like geladas have beautiful long blonde hair and pose in front of Africa's most dramatic mountain scenery.
From the
gorgeous gelada baboons living on Ethiopia's plateaus to cheetahs in Namibia, and of course an African safari to see the Big 5, Africa's wilds are without a doubt my number one dream destination.
Hunter is an expert
on geladas, the grass - eating primates he studies on the Ethiopian highlands.
Gary Frost and his colleagues at Imperial College London in the United Kingdom wanted to test that hypothesis in the laboratory using fecal bacterial samples from three human vegetarian volunteers and from three
gelada baboons, the only modern primate to eat mainly grasses.
However, Sterck said, the study shows no more proof of tactical deception than her own work with long - tailed macaques, and
the gelada's apparent tailoring of vocalizations could just be a learned behavior.
When the wolves enter
the gelada monkey herd, they alter their behavior to show the monkeys they aren't aggressive.
In contrast,
the geladas flee immediately to cliffs for safety when they spot feral dogs, which approach aggressively and often prey on them.
The researchers have two theories: Either
the geladas flush rodents out of their homes, making them easy targets, or the rodents have trouble distinguishing between the two similarly sized and colored animals, and don't run away from the wolves.
«
The gelada case is comparable to what early domestication of dogs might have been like,» study researcher Claudio Sillero, of the University of Oxford, told New Scientist's Bob Holmes.
Other carnivores on Ethiopia's Guassa Plateau, feral dogs and servals mostly, hunt
the gelada monkeys — it would seem that the wolves would be a natural predator as well.
«You can have a wolf and
a gelada within a metre or two of each other and virtually ignoring each other for up to 2 hours at a time,» says [study researche Vivek] Venkataraman.
In contrast,
the gelada's relationship with the wolves is pretty stable — the researchers observed it over the course of years — and it doesn't appear to be ending anytime soon.
A primate found exclusively in the highlands of Ethiopia,
the gelada, Theropithecus gelada, is a baboon - like monkey.
In conjunction with its policy of developing more naturalistic settings for the primates, the zoo has, in recent years, successfully established breeding groups or pairs of lemurs, lion - tailed macaques, Japanese macaques,
gelada baboons, proboscis monkeys, slow lorises and gibbons.
He has studied chimpanzees in Gombe (with Jane Goodall) and Kibale, vervet monkeys and
gelada baboons.
In non-human primates, the phenomenon has been observed in chimpanzees, bonobos, and
gelada baboons.
Travel off the beaten track and see Ethiopia's most charismatic endemic species -
the gelada baboon and walia ibex — whilst enjoying spectacular scenery and comfortable accommodation.
The gelada (aka «bleeding heart baboon»), the Ethiopian wolf, and the giant Lammergeir (a vulture with a 3m wingspan) to name but a few.