«In ADHD, difficulties inhibiting impulses are central to the disorder and could result in difficulty keeping gender impulses «under wraps» in spite of internal and external pressures against cross-gender expression,» says Strang, who suggests that the coincidence of
gender variance with ADHD and ASD could be related to the underlying symptoms of these neurodevelopmental disorders.
Not exact matches
The wish to be the other
gender, known as
gender variance, was assessed
with the Child Behavior Checklist, one of the most commonly used behavioral report inventories for children and adolescents.
It supports previous studies that have shown increased levels of behavioral problems and / or disruptive disorders among young people
with gender variance.
Compared to the control group,
gender variance was found to be 7.59 times more common in participants
with ASD.
Strang continued, «Children and adolescents
with autism spectrum disorders may be less aware of the social restrictions against expressions of
gender variance and therefore less likely to avoid expressing these inclinations.
A 2 × 2 (trial ×
gender) analysis of
variance with repeated measures and appropriate post hoc was used to analyze the data.
(iii) Analyses of
variance (ANOVAs)(or multivariate analyses of
variance, MANOVAs, when we analysed an instrument
with subscales, such as the YSR and the ITIA) were run on the outcome scale (or subscales),
with intervention or not (SET or No - SET), number of years (t1, t2... t5) and student
gender as independent variables.
Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that
gender (females were less likely to be employed), IQ (lower IQ associated
with unemployment), and transportation dependence accounted for 42 % of the
variance in employment.
This is in line
with previous research (Gustafson & Rhodes, 2006) but augments the extant literature by demonstrating that support for PA explained further
variance in MVPA above and beyond the contributions of BMI,
gender, and parenting styles.
Given that the subgroups of men and women differed substantially in size (i.e., 263 men vs. 847 women), and given poor robustness of t - tests
with very different group sizes, we tested the statistical significance of
gender differences using t ′, which assumes lack of homogeneity of
variance.
Additionally, to examine possible
gender differences and age groups» interaction, a multivariate analysis of
variance (MANOVA) was run
with gender, ethnicity and religion and their interactions as independent variables and the attachment style, perceived stress and social support as dependent variables.