Sentences with phrase «gene cell sequences»

Should patents on gene cell sequences follow the classical model of patent claims or be limited to specific uses («purpose - bound protection»)?

Not exact matches

That's attached to the progress of sequencing technology, the ability to edit cells, and other gene editing approaches have been transformative in the immunotherapy world in recent years.

People of every nation, color, language, belief, and condition are now known to possess in their body cells trait factors drawn by an inconceivably complex sequence of intercombinations from a common «gene pool.»

While all cells in a specific organism share the identical DNA sequence, only a fraction of those genes are activated in a given cell type.

«If we could use gene editing to remove the sequences in an embryo that cause sickle cell disease or cystic fibrosis, I would say not only that we may do so, but in the case of such severe diseases, we have a moral obligation to do so.»

RNA molecules can attach to particular DNA sequences to help control how much protein these particular genes produce within a given time, and within a given cell.

When researchers sequenced the sponge's genome in 2010, they found genes that help individual cells cooperate as a group: how to divide, send signals to one another, and distinguish between friends and outsiders.

Bingwei Lu, a neuroscientist at Stanford University in California, has shown that a microRNA sequence which suppresses certain genes is linked to the death of brain cells in fruit flies.

Even after the principles of epigenetics came to light, it was believed that methylation marks and other epigenetic changes to a parent's DNA were lost during the process of cell division that generates eggs and sperm and that only the gene sequence remained.

Running their computer algorithm, the biologists found that 5300 genes contained complementary sequences to an miRNA — suggesting that the miRNA could control that gene's expression, they report in the 14 January Cell.

Project members also catalogued sequences that mark areas where DNA unwinds from the round histone proteins that maintain the shape of chromosomes, allowing the cell's transcription machinery to activate genes in those areas.

Lu's team will extract immune cells called T cells from the blood of the enrolled patients, and then use CRISPR — Cas9 technology — which pairs a molecular guide able to identify specific genetic sequences on a chromosome with an enzyme that can snip the chromosome at that spot — to knock out a gene in the cells.

To more accurately reflect the mechanisms driving oligodendrogliomas, the researchers used RNA sequencing to study directly, on a single - cell level, gene expression in samples from six early - stage human tumors.

Sequencing the genome of one such organism, King and her colleagues found genes that code for pieces of the same proteins used for the binding of cells and communication between cells in animals — functions that would be unexpected in such an organism.

Using a technique known as single - cell RNA sequencing, the team explored more than 65,000 individual cells that exist under normal or inflammatory conditions, looking for genes that were more active in one state or subpopulation versus another.

So we sequenced a gene involved in cell growth and found a correlation in about 85 percent of the patients: If you had a certain mutation in the EGFR gene, you responded to the drug; if you didn't have the mutation, you didn't.

The two proteins have different biochemical properties and recognize different DNA sequences, so these properties create more options for gene - editing,» said Dr. Olson, who holds the Pogue Distinguished Chair in Research on Cardiac Birth Defects, the Robert A. Welch Distinguished Chair in Science, and the Annie and Willie Nelson Professorship in Stem Cell Research.

In germline cells PIWI proteins silence the RNA from jumping genes by cutting them in sequences of ~ 30 nucleotides that will become piRNAs.

One aspect of gene regulation involves enzymes placing chemical tags or modifications on histone proteins — which control a cell's access to the DNA sequences that make up a gene.

By comparing proteomic and RNA - sequencing data from people on different exercise programs, the researchers found evidence that exercise encourages the cell to make more RNA copies of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins and proteins responsible for muscle growth.

Berninger and others have previously shown that Sox2, Ascl1, and other transcription factors — proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to control the activity of genes — can induce the nonneuronal «support cells» known as glia to turn into neurons.

The team integrated three, complementary gene sequencing approaches to look for mutations in tumor cells from SS patients: whole - genome sequencing in six subjects, sequencing of all protein - coding regions (exomes) in 66 subjects, and comparing variation in the number of copies of all genes across the genome in 80 subjects.

Moreover, because they had an idea of what cells the genes came from and what kinds of gene sequences produce what kinds of proteins, they were able to draw some conclusions about what all those genes are good for.

For most known genes this «messenger» or mRNA is then shuttled off to a ribosome of a cell where its translation into a protein sequence occurs.

To deliver the healthy gene, the team inserted it into an engineered virus called adeno - associated virus 1, or AAV1, together with a promoter — a genetic sequence that turns the gene on only in certain sensory cells of the inner ear known as hair cells.

But at the time, they thought it might take years to pinpoint the precise position of the gene, sequence it, and understand how it causes mutations to accumulate in tumour cells (This Week, 15 May).

Molecules of dsRNA are known to travel between body cells (any cell in the body except germ cells, which make egg or sperm cells) and can silence genes when their sequence matches up with the corresponding section of a cell's DNA.

Combining this mouse model with the reliable RNA sequences allowed an efficient inactivation of genes in primary cells.

They then used next generation sequencing — a state - of - the - art method to rapidly measure gene expression — to sequence and quantify the thousands of genes that are expressed in hair cells, in comparison with other cells in the ear.

Epigenetic changes do not alter the information encoded in the DNA sequence itself but determine whether and to what extent specific genes are used by cells.

You need to sequence the gene before you can express it in cells.

The researchers analysed the genetic composition of myocardial cells using state - of - the - art gene sequencing technology.

«Previous techniques that have been used to investigate DNA control sequences usually rely on sorting cells one by one and measuring gene activity in each of them,» says Dr Eva Yus, lead author of the paper.

The researchers used the power of gene sequencing and clever computational methods to uncover the «source code» for human endothelial cells and learn how that code is disturbed in human disease.

In order to locate all gene switches, the Freiburg research team used modern sequencing methods to examine the entire genome — DNA, epigenetic markers and RNA — during the development, maturation and disease of human cardiac muscle cells.

Still unclear is how the methuselah gene mutation makes flies more stress - resistant, but the amino acid sequence of the protein it makes may be part of a signaling pathway that controls how well cells resist or repair these stresses.

«The cells in our bodies share the same genes and DNA sequences, and differ only in how these genes are expressed,» Bose said.

Certain sequences of DNA make up genes, which are the «instructions» for making proteins that do most of the heavy lifting within a cell.

With gene - editing tools such as CRISPR, scientists can now eliminate immune - provoking sugars from the surface of pig cells, introduce human genes that regulate blood coagulation to prevent dangerous clots, and snip out viral sequences that some fear could infect a human host.

In vitro experiments and high - throughput RNA sequencing revealed that CTCF deletion profoundly altered the B lymphocyte transcriptional program, shifting cells from a gene expression profile typical of the germinal center to one more similar to that seen in plasma cells.

Technologies such as RNA sequencing are revealing which genes are expressed in each individual cell.

A string of methyl groups attached to a gene can prevent a cell from reading its DNA sequence.

To find the missing ingredient, Alan Cooper, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Adelaide in Australia, radiocarbon dated nearly 100 fossils from Patagonia and sequenced their mitochondrial DNA, genes found in the power plants of cells and passed down only from the mother.

Now that the sequence of the PfEMP1 genes and proteins is known, it may be possible to screen for drugs to block the production of the proteins, and so prevent infected cells sticking to capillaries.

Subsequent RNA sequencing suggested that digoxin inhibits HIV - 1 gene expression as well as the activation and metabolism of CD4 + T cells.

Surprisingly, they found that although the patterns of gene expression — as shown by the RNA sequencing — differed between the hepatocellular carcinomas and the liver cancers with biliary phenotype and depended on the histological type, the overall pattern of mutations in the cells was actually similar between the tumors — of either type — that had emerged in patients who had had infections with either hepatitis C or B, and were different in patients without such infections.

Derived mostly from human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) and HeLa cell lines, EdiGene Knockout (KO) Cell Lysates have been optimized through the use of genome editing technology and validated at the genomic level through PCR and Sanger - sequencing techniques to ensure the accuracy and knockout of the target gcell lines, EdiGene Knockout (KO) Cell Lysates have been optimized through the use of genome editing technology and validated at the genomic level through PCR and Sanger - sequencing techniques to ensure the accuracy and knockout of the target gCell Lysates have been optimized through the use of genome editing technology and validated at the genomic level through PCR and Sanger - sequencing techniques to ensure the accuracy and knockout of the target gene.

To do this, they incorporated the gene sequence of each receptor into cultured cells and then probed the cells to determine if they were activated by one or more of 25 different bitter - tasting chemicals.

However, Eggan and McCarroll emphasized that now that this phenomenon has been found, inexpensive gene - sequencing tests will allow researchers to identify and remove from the production line cell cultures with concerning mutations that might prove dangerous after transplantation.

After the sorting, we performed whole genome amplification on individual aggregates then sequenced the 16S rRNA marker genes to identify cells comprising the aggregate.