Sentences with phrase «gene complex which»

«We found dysregulated expression in a suspect gene complex which adds to evidence that PMDD is a disorder of cellular response to estrogen and progesterone,» explained Peter Schmidt, M.D. of the NIH's National Institute of Mental Health, Behavioral Endocrinology Branch.

Not exact matches

That doesn't change the fact that an animal born with an abnormality which makes it more complex but also better suited to survive would live to pass on that gene to it's children and slowly to the entire species.

The issue should be understood as «which is more important, the individual replicator (the gene), or the patterns generated by interactions of a myriad of replicators with a complex environment?»

But it is not actually the crucial question, which is, What controls the activity of the complex interacting set of genes, which produces a nerve cell or a muscle cell?

These experiments were complemented by genetic manipulations in which some mice were engineered to lack a gene known as Tap1, which is crucial for the MHC I complex to make its way to the cell surface.

Individual body odor is influenced by genes, and by one group in particular: the genes that determine which proteins combine to form your unique major histocompatibility complex (MHC).

The study identifies a wide set of genes — previously associated with complex structures in higher animals — which were supposedly absent in sponges.

They achieved this by transiently disturbing interactions between target genes and PcG proteins, which are complexes involved in the repression of several genes governing development.

If cells were infected with an influenza A mutant lacking NS1, they proceeded to produce large number of the molecular complexes required for RNAi, which include a protein called Argonaute that slices through the target gene.

To make things more complex, there's the epigenome — the chemical modifications to DNA that help control which genes are turned on and off — and the transcriptome, the full range of RNAs that translate DNA's blueprints so they can be used to make proteins.

The process by which bacteria make cellulose and secrete it to build biofilms is already quite complex, regulated by more than a dozen different genes working together.

The investigators also found complex indels in a gene called KIT, which appears to play a role in melanoma.

In particular, the researchers identified complex indels in the gene EGFR, which is implicated in lung cancer.

The analysis suggests that patients with complex indels in KIT would benefit from drugs such as imatinib, sunitnib and sorafenib, which target mutations in this gene.

Women prefer the smell of T - shirts worn by men whose major histocompatability complex genes — which encode the proteins that make up an important part of our immune system — are different from their own, and vice versa.

Understanding this process - which is particularly important when cells are first taking on specialized identities such as nerve cells, muscle, skin, and so on - helps explain how complex organisms can arise from a finite number of genes.

«First, there is no single road map to eusociality — the complex, cooperative social system in which animals behave more like superorganisms than individuals fending for themselves,» said Gene Robinson, a lead on the study who is a professor of entomology and director of the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology at the University of Illinois.

This essentially gives us «barcodes» of specific gene loci, which we can use to help untangle the complex genetics of complex diseases,» said Andrey Rzhetsky, PhD, professor of genetic medicine and human genetics at the University of Chicago, who led the study.

And even if such a demand existed, there was no evidence that genetic counseling could help patients with psychiatric disorders, which — like most of the more common diseases — are caused by a complex interplay of multiple genes and variants as well as environmental factors.

She said: «Identifying a fault in Complex I, one of the building blocks of mitochondria which is responsible for causing disease combined with our custom gene capture and the latest sequencing technology means we can screen many more genes to diagnose this debilitating disease.

Our capacity for complex speech might come from tiny fiddles to existing monkey genes, which gave us flatter faces and more refined larynxes

When the team looked at what gene signatures the RORγt - dependent ILCs expressed, they found high expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) protein, which some cells use to display foreign proteins to the immune system and directly interact with T cells.

In their quest to decipher the complex code of autism, which can run in families, most scientists have focused on genes.

- Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of how POLR3G gene regulates stem cell state, which in turn sheds light on the complex mechanisms with which human embryonic stem cells both self - renew and maintain the ability to differentiate.

«The parts of the human genome linked to complex diseases such as heart disease, cancer and neurological disorders can often be far away from the genes they regulate, so it can be dificult to figure out which gene is being affected and ultimately causing the disease.»

For more than a decade, the husband - and - wife team has been investigating how a large protein complex called SAGA, which helps control gene activity in organisms from yeast to humans, influences developmental processes.

Dana Kolpin of the US Geological Survey in Iowa City says that the findings highlight the complex issue of antibiotic - resistance genes, which will continue to be of concern as treated effluent becomes more widely used in regions that have scarce water resources.

These complexes lead to mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, which in turn initiate the process toward kidney cancer.

Humans, to be human, don't need to have evolved unique genes that code for entirely novel types of neurons or neurotransmitters, or a more complex hippocampus (with resulting improvements in memory), or a more complex frontal cortex (from which we gain the ability to postpone gratification).

Almost 200 people joined DoSER on December 13 for the 2012 Annual Holiday Lecture which explored the complex relationship between genes and human identity.

«Crohn's disease is a complex disorder with multiple genes and environmental factors involved, which disproportionally affects individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry,» explained lead researcher Inga Peter, Professor of Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.

Some of the genes control receptors called integrins, which help cells attach to and communicate with one another, allowing formation of specialized organs and complex body plans.

That gene encodes a protein called BAF 180, which is a subunit of the PBAF subtype of the SWI / SNF chromatin remodeling complex.

BET proteins can have a huge impact on gene activity because they belong to a class of molecules called epigenetic readers, which recognize special marks on DNA - protein complexes and attract gene - activating proteins to those spots.

These genes include PRMT5, which codes for a key enzyme that ensures proper maturation of the spliceosomal complex.

It is much longer and more complex than most viral or bacterial genes, and it has sequences with which other spider genes can interact.

An analysis of all gene transcription in the cultured cell lines turned up a large gene complex in which gene expression differed conspicuously in cells from patients compared to controls.

Such disorders are caused by complex interactions among genes and environmental factors; the challenge facing researchers now is to find out which genes are involved and how they influence disease.

One of the gene's molecular targets, for example, is a microRNA (a small noncoding RNA molecule) called let7, which in turn regulates hundreds of other genes, so the effects of Lin28a can set off a complex array of regulatory interactions.

The reasons for this failing range from insufficient information from which to predict system behavior to the inability of a complex biologic system to be reductively explicable by the basal elements (genes, proteins) from which it emerges (Kim, 2006)(vide infra).

«The ways in which particular genes influence cancer risk are highly complex.

This narrow view has been becoming overshadowed by genetic findings that support the more recent hypothesis of complex roots, which emphasizes lateral genetic exchanges or horizontal gene transfers (HGT) rather than vertical mutational progression in the development of nucleated organisms, through a clearly defined «tree of life» (Mark Buchanan, New Scientist, January 26, 2010).

Although gene regulation is complex and we still have a lot to learn, scientists do know of three ways in which our genes are turned off and on.

The complex then migrates into the cell nucleus, and activates the transcription of specific target genes which are involved in physiological and pathological bone formation (Chen, Deng & Li, 2012; Katagiri & Tsukamoto, 2013; Miyazawa et al., 2002).

Diana Hargreaves studies a particular epigenetic regulator, the SWI / SNF complex, which uses energy to unpack and unwind DNA from structural proteins to alter DNA accessibility and in turn, gene transcription.

The process by which yeast form spores involves many more genes and is more complex than researchers had expected, according to studies by scientists at the University of California, San Francisco -LRB-...

Further, his group pioneered expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies, which enabled variation in global gene expression to be applied to genetics of complex human diseases.

The data is manually curated, which is more accurate at identifying splice variants, pseudogenes poly (A) features, non-coding and complex gene structures and arrangements than current automated methods.

Two clock proteins, CLOCK (Circadian locomoter output cycles protein kaput) and BMAL1 (Brain and Muscle Arnt - like1) bind to each other to form a heterodimer complex, which then binds to a DNA sequence called E-box (CACGTG) located in the upper region of clock genes, Per (Period) and Cry (Cryptochrome), present in the genome.

Activated E2F leading to transcription of several target genes including cyclin E in late G1 phase which form active complex with CDK2 drives progression from G1 to S phase [7].