Sentences with phrase «gene duplication»
Gene duplication refers to the process in which a gene makes a copy of itself, resulting in two or more identical genes. This phenomenon can occur naturally during evolution or through certain genetic mechanisms. Gene duplication is important as it allows for potential changes and adaptations in organisms, which can contribute to the diversity of life on Earth. Full definition
Other recent work has questioned the consequences of gene duplications in flowering plants as well.
sciencemag.org
The long - term scientific goal of this project is aimed at determining the role of hominoid - and human - specific gene duplications during brain development and evolution.
We found an excess of gene duplications in the East African lineage compared to tilapia and other teleosts, an abundance of non-coding element divergence, accelerated coding sequence evolution, expression divergence associated with transposable element insertions, and regulation by novel microRNAs.
Not sure what you mean by «genetic information», but evolution requires changes in the genes of the next generation of organism, which is exactly what happens with gene duplication, transposition, etc..
We are currently using this new paradigm to define the expression and function of other hominoid - and human - specific gene duplications during brain development and evolution.
Besides assessing the taxonomic distribution for each herpesvirus protein, we computationally inferred gene duplication events and performed a comparative protein domain architecture analysis for every protein family.
For several decades, much attention has been placed on gene duplication as a source of new gene functions.
Besides the classic model of new gene evolution through gene duplication and functional divergence, other mechanisms are receiving increasing attention as a source of evolutionary innovation.
The long - term goal of his research is to understand the evolution and mechanisms of recent gene duplication and its relationship to copy number variation and human disease.
At the heart of your Behe article are two concessions which simply don't support ID: 1) the ability of evolution to produce functional novelty via gene duplication / mutation and exaptation exists; and 2) that evidence of «new information» in the form of «new Functional Coded elemenTs, or «FCTs»» also exists.
These fish have two distinct copies of the SWS2 gene — SWS2A and SWS2B, which arose from an ancient gene duplication event 198 million years ago in the ancestor of all spiny - finned fish.
This tool allowed the researchers to reconstruct gene duplications and to determine what happened in evolutionary time, making it a computational equivalent of carbon - 14 dating for fossils.
Pollock says that snakes» genomes may be unusually prone to change because they contain many repeated sequences that promote misalignment of chromosomes and so make gene duplications more common.
Muller clearly felt aggrieved that Schrödinger had not cited his work, and he pointed out that he had suggested the parallel between gene duplication and crystal growth in 1921 (though Muller decided not to mention that he took this concept from Troland).
This is an example where each function you know, became optimized, but there are ways, there are reasons why gene duplication can also create nothing new, whatsoever.
Because of later gene duplications and other processes, these 8,600 homologous genes correspond to at least 14,000 genes, or approximately 70 %, of the current human genome.
«While gene duplication and alternative splicing are typically invoked as major mechanisms underpinning protein neofunctionalization, this study suggests that the process of co-option should be re-evaluated as a potentially important method by which genes can acquire novel functions.»
Based largely on studies of snakes, spiders and other species dangerous to our own, it is thought that most venom genes arise through the mechanism of gene duplication followed by mutation and repurposing (which scientists refer to as neofunctionalization).
«Pancreatic cancer: Gene duplication explains tumor aggressiveness.»
A new study points to rare gene duplications and deletions that are believed to play a significant role in the psychological disorder
And they must determine to what extent gene duplications or structural changes to the genome might influence mammoth biology.
In addition, there is evidence for gene duplication, pseudogenes, and paralogs, although the extent of these is not clear (Kovach et al. 2010; Pavy et al. 2012).
We have identified one such instance in a bifunctional yeast gene where gene duplication enabled the two functions to become independently encoded and regulated and where most of the adaptive divergence between the two duplicates involved regulatory sequences.
The results indicate that while many herpesvirus proteins evolved without any detectable gene duplication or domain rearrangement events, numerous herpesvirus protein families do exhibit relatively complex evolutionary histories.
More recently, however, it has become appreciated that after gene duplication, the resulting duplicates are often «subfunctionalized» and accumulate complementary mutations: the two genes together perform the function formerly carried out by a single ancestral gene.
Recent breakthroughs in evolutionary genomics show that a burst of gene duplications occurred in the human lineage during its separation from non-human primates approximately 6 million years ago (Bailey et al., 2002; Fortna et al., 2004; Marques - Bonet et al., 2009).
In concordance with these results, MECP2 gene duplications have been reported in both men and women that suffer from autism - spectrum disorders.
New coding genes can arise in genomes through several processes, including gene duplication, gene fusion, de novo formation from non-coding DNA, or lateral gene transfer (LGT) from another species.
The new findings also give scientists clues about how gene duplications can drive evolution.
ASHG 2014: Gene Duplications Associated with Autism Evolved Recently in Human History ASHG Press Release — October 18, 2014
This is a unique scientific paradigm: the first publication determining the role of human - specific gene duplications during brain development came out of our laboratory recently (Charrier et al., 2012) and represents a milestone in our understanding of the genetic and neurobiological mechanisms underlying the emergence of human - specific traits of brain development, for example neoteny during synaptic maturation (Benavides - Piccione et al., 2002; Petanjek et al., 2011).
In this cycle, new gene copies often arise by gene duplication, with the copies persisting or adapting into new roles within the genome for varying lengths of time, or dying off and being lost randomly.
U. urealyticum has six closely related iron transporters, which apparently arose through gene duplication, suggesting that it has a kind of respiration system not present in other small genome bacteria The genome is only 25.5 % G+C in nucleotide content, and the G+C content of individual genes may predict how essential those genes are to ureaplasma survival.
This has led to the hypothesis that these evolutionarily recent gene duplications might have participated in the emergence of human - specific traits of brain development and function (Bailey and Eichler, 2006; Stankiewicz and Lupski, 2010).
According to the textbooks, the process by which new genes form starts with gene duplication.
In biological systems in particular, this scale ‐ free addition of new nodes is likely a consequence of gene duplication (Qian et al, 2001), and is also affected by alternate splicing and posttranslational modification in protein networks (Qian et al, 2001; Bhan et al, 2002; Pastor ‐ Satorras et al, 2003; Vazquez et al, 2003), as well as the variable chemical versatility of the metabolic intermediates in metabolic networks.
His coauthor is Chris Hittinger, and the article is called the «Gene Duplication and the Adaptive Evolution of a Classic Genetic Switch».
Marine biologists Thomas Duda and Stephen Palumbi from Harvard University suspected the molecular mixer could be a mechanism called «gene duplication.»
The concept is that gene duplication can result in two equivalent proteins that, over time, diverge to develop specialized subtasks, while also maintaining common connections.
When a gene duplication gave some water striders a novel leg part, it opened up a new world for them