Sentences with phrase «gene duplications in»

We found an excess of gene duplications in the East African lineage compared to tilapia and other teleosts, an abundance of non-coding element divergence, accelerated coding sequence evolution, expression divergence associated with transposable element insertions, and regulation by novel microRNAs.

Other recent work has questioned the consequences of gene duplications in flowering plants as well.

: The Public Health Threat of Animal Diseases; and Gene Duplication in Evolution

Not exact matches

Not sure what you mean by «genetic information», but evolution requires changes in the genes of the next generation of organism, which is exactly what happens with gene duplication, transposition, etc..

At the heart of your Behe article are two concessions which simply don't support ID: 1) the ability of evolution to produce functional novelty via gene duplication / mutation and exaptation exists; and 2) that evidence of «new information» in the form of «new Functional Coded elemenTs, or «FCTs»» also exists.

In this cycle, new gene copies often arise by gene duplication, with the copies persisting or adapting into new roles within the genome for varying lengths of time, or dying off and being lost randomly.

The second duplication appears in supplemental figure S6, where a scatterplot purporting to show gene expression similarities between the cell lines was used twice.

Muller clearly felt aggrieved that Schrödinger had not cited his work, and he pointed out that he had suggested the parallel between gene duplication and crystal growth in 1921 (though Muller decided not to mention that he took this concept from Troland).

Singer now believes that her daughter's autism was largely caused by genes, but genetic testing when she was first diagnosed revealed no known pathogenic deletions or duplications in her genome.

And what we did is, in order to figure all this out, sort of trace the path of evolution, we did a whole bunch of sort of, swapping experiments, where we swappedGAL1 for GAL3and we swapped the ancestral protein type of protein in for GAL1or for GAL3, and we even swapped the GAL1and GAL3in for the ancestral protein, in another yeast that didn't have the duplication take place; and from this whole series of experiments, we really expected to find out pretty much how the proteins have changed; and the surprise was that most of [the] adaptive change that had taken place wasn't in the protein, it was in how the two genes were regulated.

So what this shows is it sort of gives us a window to say, well, one way the gene duplication allows novelty or specialization or adaptation is by having more genetic parts to work with — each part can be optimized and specialized in a way that if you just have one part, you can do.

Steve: So, this gene duplication business is so interesting and it has such profound importance in evolution and researchers realize that, but I don't think that news has really gotten out to the general public in a lot of ways that in the modern evolutionary theory play book, gene duplication has a really big role.

In fact, one of the most common outcomes, now appreciated about gene duplication, is a little bit disappointing, which is really just the old job gets done by two genes, so they really just share the old job; its like, now you -LSB-'ve] got two lazy workers instead of one really efficient one.

But you asked me right, the importance of gene duplication; most — I say, most, [which] is a rough number — but a very large number of the genes that carry out functions in our body are parts of [the] family of the genes, members of [the] family of the genes that have expanded by gene duplication.

Domain recombination resulted in greater diversity in pathway response dynamics than did duplication of genes, of single domains, or of two unlinked domains.

In your fascinating article, Evan Eichler states that duplications of the SRGAP2 gene, which helps drive development of the neocortex,...

In cases where a tumor had not doubled the mutated KRAS gene copy, the researchers discovered duplications in other cancer geneIn cases where a tumor had not doubled the mutated KRAS gene copy, the researchers discovered duplications in other cancer genein other cancer genes.

The other two genes appeared to be paralogs — genes that are the result of a duplication event in the DNA.

«The evolution of the fan coincides with the duplication of that gene,» Khila said, also noting that the expression of the gene in the tip of the leg is significant.

Gene moonlighting can occur merely through changes in expression, which may result from as little as a single mutation; it does not require the meandering process of random alteration and selection implied by the duplication and neofunctionalization model.

The concept is that gene duplication can result in two equivalent proteins that, over time, diverge to develop specialized subtasks, while also maintaining common connections.

In fact, less than 10 percent of the toxin genes clearly arose through duplication and mutation.

A new study points to rare gene duplications and deletions that are believed to play a significant role in the psychological disorder

«We found that in all [four - legged animals], there is a duplication of the ancestral gene.»

«In order for something to evolve, duplication of a gene is the most important event,» Hsu says.

On January 9, a team, led by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Children's Hospital Boston, announced that it had found copy number variations — deletions of duplications of segments of genetic code that alter the number of copies of a gene a person carries — in 12 of 1,400 autism sufferers it was studying.

Both of the new studies found that copy number events involving either duplication or deletion of the 25 to 30 chromosome - 16 genes — several of which are known to play a role in the developing brain — appear to cause autism.

Pairwise alignments were calculated using Shuffle - LAGAN (window size, 400 bp; step size 40 bp; translated anchoring), a glocal alignment algorithm that is able to calculate optimal alignments by using both local alignments and global maps of sequence rearrangements (e.g. duplications of the fiber gene in adenovirus genomes with 2 fibers)[57].

In biological systems in particular, this scale ‐ free addition of new nodes is likely a consequence of gene duplication (Qian et al, 2001), and is also affected by alternate splicing and posttranslational modification in protein networks (Qian et al, 2001; Bhan et al, 2002; Pastor ‐ Satorras et al, 2003; Vazquez et al, 2003), as well as the variable chemical versatility of the metabolic intermediates in metabolic networkIn biological systems in particular, this scale ‐ free addition of new nodes is likely a consequence of gene duplication (Qian et al, 2001), and is also affected by alternate splicing and posttranslational modification in protein networks (Qian et al, 2001; Bhan et al, 2002; Pastor ‐ Satorras et al, 2003; Vazquez et al, 2003), as well as the variable chemical versatility of the metabolic intermediates in metabolic networkin particular, this scale ‐ free addition of new nodes is likely a consequence of gene duplication (Qian et al, 2001), and is also affected by alternate splicing and posttranslational modification in protein networks (Qian et al, 2001; Bhan et al, 2002; Pastor ‐ Satorras et al, 2003; Vazquez et al, 2003), as well as the variable chemical versatility of the metabolic intermediates in metabolic networkin protein networks (Qian et al, 2001; Bhan et al, 2002; Pastor ‐ Satorras et al, 2003; Vazquez et al, 2003), as well as the variable chemical versatility of the metabolic intermediates in metabolic networkin metabolic networks.

Scientists think that this family evolved by gene duplication, branch by branch, from a single ancestor present in primitive vertebrates.

Although none of the German Neolithic samples carries the copy number expansion of the AMY2B gene associated with starch digestion, we find that this gene is present in three copies in NGD, though this is due to a large segmental duplication that is shared with multiple modern dogs, an event separate from the tandem AMY2B duplications.

Using this analysis, the researchers identified deletions in the coding region of the gene (in exons E2 to E9, E5 to E9, E8, E10, E14, and E1 to E15), duplications (E11 to E12) on two chromosomes, and a nonsense mutation.

In addition, there is evidence for gene duplication, pseudogenes, and paralogs, although the extent of these is not clear (Kovach et al. 2010; Pavy et al. 2012).

Early investigations into the nature of genetic evolution proposed two potential mechanisms for the origin of new features: gene duplication and divergence, and regulatory changes in gene expression.

Sequencing accelerates the analysis of cancer associated alterations in genome sequence such as insertions and deletions, CNVs, inversions, duplications, translocations and gene fusions, as well as single nucleotide variants.

Compared with the ancestral lineage, the East African cichlid genomes possess: an excess of gene duplications; alterations in regulatory, non-protein-coding elements in the genome; accelerated evolution of protein - coding elements, especially in genes for pigmentation; and other distinct features that affect gene expression, such as insertions of transposable elements and regulation by novel microRNAs.

However, several genetic mechanisms — including the evolution of protein - coding sequences and gene duplication, as well as the evolution of regulatory sequences — are sources of variation in all species and contribute to organismal adaptation.

Furthermore, the network predicts that the effects arising from the genes in the deletions are similar to the effects arising from the genes in the duplications.

Therefore, where DNA is added (duplications), they may carry three or more copies of the genes in that DNA segment.

In his research, Dr. Torres examines the properties of plant polyploidy (genome doubling), the concomitant phenomenon of gene duplication, and the evolution of genes, gene families, chromosomes, and genomes following genome doubling in angiospermIn his research, Dr. Torres examines the properties of plant polyploidy (genome doubling), the concomitant phenomenon of gene duplication, and the evolution of genes, gene families, chromosomes, and genomes following genome doubling in angiospermin angiosperms.

Recent breakthroughs in evolutionary genomics show that a burst of gene duplications occurred in the human lineage during its separation from non-human primates approximately 6 million years ago (Bailey et al., 2002; Fortna et al., 2004; Marques - Bonet et al., 2009).

We found that the two main human - specific gene duplications (SRGAP2B and SRGAP2C) are partial and encode a truncated F - BAR domain involved in membrane deformation.

In eukaryotes, chromosomal rearrangements, such as inversions, translocations and duplications, are common and range from part of a gene to hundreds of genes.

In worms, flies, mice and human, there are insufficient data as yet to determine what proportion of genes are duplication products.

Using DECoN (which stands for Detection of Exon Copy Number variants), the researchers took advantage of the high density of sequencing data available in new gene panels to accurately detect deletions or duplications of exons.

This has led to the hypothesis that these evolutionarily recent gene duplications might have participated in the emergence of human - specific traits of brain development and function (Bailey and Eichler, 2006; Stankiewicz and Lupski, 2010).

This is a unique scientific paradigm: the first publication determining the role of human - specific gene duplications during brain development came out of our laboratory recently (Charrier et al., 2012) and represents a milestone in our understanding of the genetic and neurobiological mechanisms underlying the emergence of human - specific traits of brain development, for example neoteny during synaptic maturation (Benavides - Piccione et al., 2002; Petanjek et al., 2011).

Forms of variation include single DNA base pair alterations, duplications or deletions of genes or sets of genes, and translocations, a chromosomal rearrangement in which a segment of genetic material from one chromosome becomes heritably linked to another chromosome.

Using this technology, we screened 31 patient samples across an array containing a total of 162 exons for five disease genes and detected copy - number changes, ranging from whole - gene deletions and duplications to single - exon deletions and duplications, in 100 % of the cases.

In concordance with these results, MECP2 gene duplications have been reported in both men and women that suffer from autism - spectrum disorderIn concordance with these results, MECP2 gene duplications have been reported in both men and women that suffer from autism - spectrum disorderin both men and women that suffer from autism - spectrum disorders.