Sentences with phrase «gene expression differences between»

Recently, a large - scale microarray study characterized gene expression differences between current, former, and never smokers [5], and identified specific genes related to xenobiotic functions, anti-oxidation, cell adhesion and electron transport to be more highly expressed in current smokers relative to never smokers.

For example, the researchers were able to identify previously unknown gene expression differences between the neural stem cells that give rise to the brain's deep structures versus its neocortical surface, and to show that molecular signatures of different neural cell types arise much earlier in brain development than previously realized.

In fact, the researchers found gene expression differences between ASD and non-ASD in genes related to translation and immune / inflammation functions, as well as cell adhesion and cell cycle.

Not exact matches

To find out more about the differences between naive and primed pluripotent cells, the UW researchers first compared their gene expression profiles.

When the team measured gene expression first in the stem cells, and then re-evaluated the cells once they had become neurons, very specific differences emerged between the cells derived from bipolar disorder patients and those without the condition.

Despite differences in brain size, the researchers found striking similarities between primate species of gene expression in 16 regions of the brain — even in the prefrontal cortex, the seat of higher order learning that most distinguishes humans from other apes.

Differences between populations in gene expression have not been well characterized before.

Rather than listing specific genes that manifest themselves differently, or are differentially expressed, between queens and workers, the team looked for genes with similar expression patterns across samples that may be involved in maintaining the structural, behavioural and functional differences observed between queens and workers.

This information is not only important because it can now help scientists try to understand how the differences between queen and worker may arise through interactions among genes, but also for the evolution of ants, and in the evolution of gene expression more generally.

The researchers» results suggest that structural and functional differences between queens and workers result from the differential expression of evolutionary conserved sets of genes, or genes that are basically expressed in the same manner throughout evolution among all ant species.

The new study, published this month by Molecular Autism in a special issue on sex differences in autism, further shows a stronger correlation between the expression level of RORA and that of genes regulated by RORA in males.

The authors are now working to understand how selection acts differently on males and females, and how this leads to differences in gene expression between the sexes.

These could alter the expression of genes on other chromosomes, and might be partly responsible for behavioural differences between the sexes, says Rissman.

The team found deep conservation of certain processes that likely reflects similar underlying regulatory processes between mouse and man, but there were also significant differences in gene expression during kidney development, as well as in the timing, scale, organization, and molecular profile of key cell types and cell structures.

These gene expression variances could explain the differences in disease risks, or disease symptoms, between males and females, Clark says.

A baseline study shows major differences in gene expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary between male and female pigeons.

Pääbo has also found that differences in gene expression (how active a gene is) may have played a role in creating the gap between chimp and human brains.

We know that all differences between these appendages are specified by the expression of the Hox gene Ultrabithoax (Ubx) in the haltere and its absence from the wing (1).

Differences in gene expression are likely to specify much of the phenotypic differences between and withDifferences in gene expression are likely to specify much of the phenotypic differences between and withdifferences between and within species.

If, for instance, a researcher finds that dozens of genes in a microarray are differentially expressed on a high - fat purified ingredient diet compared to a low - fat GB diet, it is tempting to conclude that gene expression was altered due to the differences in fat levels between the diets.

«They looked into expression of mtDNA encoded genes and found no difference between ePNT and control blastocysts.

All six genes could be validated, and showed significant expression differences between unrelated patients with diabetes and nondiabetic subjects in the same direction as the discordant twins (Fig. 1B and D).

Additionally, among the genes with largest expression differences between diabetic and nondiabetic co-twins (Table 2), there were significant associations between methylation and expression for 20 sites corresponding to 11 genes (Supplementary Table 19).

Sex differences describe biology - linked differences between women and men, which are caused by differences in sex chromosomes, sex - specific gene expression of autosomes, sex hormones, and their effects on organ systems (Figure 1)(1, 3).

Relative differences in gene expression between treatment with L - arginine (groups 3 and 4) were represented as fold change.

The color band to the right of the heatmap indicates the mean difference in expression (DE) between the baseline and post-intervention time points for each of the differentially expressed genes.

To quantitatively determine differences between the expression levels of these genes in hNSCs and hESCs, we utilized real time RT - PCR.

Again, this might be either due to the difference between complete knock out of the genes versus reduction of gbp1, gbp2 expression via RNAi, or due to the activity of GBP1 and GBP2 in other organs.

Hailing from academia and biotechnology, we aimed to discover differences in gene expression levels between tumors and healthy cells.

This difference in the effect on ilp2 mRNA expression could result from the difference between completely removing the activity of these genes in the gbp1, gbp2 ex67 mutant larvae versus partial reduction of their mRNAs in the GBP1, GBP2 double knock downs.

These differences might be due to the difference between a null mutation, which eliminates all expression of the gene, and partial reduction of expression of GBP1 and GBP2 via RNAi.

The only clue indicating that differences in gene expression level are not the reason for the observed correlation between the recombination rate and the size of introns is that we do not see a comparable pattern when examining the size of exons, the number of exons per gene, and the overall size of proteins.

These eSTRs explain on average 10 to 15 % of the genetic differences of gene expression between individuals.

Differences between mRNA expression in testis of IVC and control males for several gene categories (A, B).

Differences between mRNA expression of several epigenetic regulatory genes analyzed on blastocysts produced in vivo and by in vitro culture with FCS or BSA supplementation.

The difference between a human being and a chimp is in gene expression in the epigenome.