Sentences with phrase «gene families related»

In addition, researchers found that the gene families related to whale's body hair and sensory receptors were contracted, such as Keratin - related gene families associated with hair formation, several Hox genes that play an important role in the body plan and embryonic development.

Contribution to the understanding of how the evolution of gene families relates to functional divergence, including the fate of duplicated genes, horizontal transfer and interspecies hybridization, as well as the characterization of the ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs, and the discovery of the late acquisition of mitochondria in eukaryotes (Gabaldón's group, Science 2014, PLoS Biology 2015, PLoS Genetics 2015, Nature 2016).

Not exact matches

Two newly discovered members of the mimivirus family, both called tupanviruses and both with tails, have the most complete set of genes related to assembling proteins yet seen in viruses (SN Online: 2/27/18).

My tgf - beta gene was part of a big family of genes, and I began making phylogenetic trees in order to better understand how it was related to the other family members.

«Mutations responsible for cleft palate and related birth defects identified: Study of Amish and Saudi Arabian families finds mutations in HYAL2 gene that impact development.»

This placed them in a new family, meaning it was beneficial to care for their own children at first (because they were more genetically related to them than they were to the rest of the family) and to care for their grandchildren later (when more of their genes made it into the family group).

This family of related genes determines the shape of the body.

This network discourages violence, Sheehy speculates, because peaceable interactions may help related males set up their own territories and attract mates, thereby increasing the likelihood that shared family genes get passed on.

Biologists building family trees are likely being misled into suggesting that some organisms are closely related because genes and proteins are similar due to convergence, and not because the organisms had a recent common ancestor.

Genome comparison revealed that the great expansion of several gene families in the deep - sea mussel may be related to its adaptation to the deep sea.

A year ago we started thinking, why don't we select a single family with an interesting disease and see whether studying a smaller group of related individuals makes it possible to identify the genes involved in that disease.

Although it shows no sign of the whole - genome triplication identified in Solanaceae species such as tomato, the genome includes several species - specific gene family expansions, among them N - methyltransferases (NMTs) involved in caffeine production, defense - related genes, and alkaloid and flavonoid enzymes involved in secondary compound synthesis.

Although the bacteria shared common features (most live inside animals and many cause disease), the pattern of species carrying and lacking the gene suggested that the gene had been shuffled horizontally in the family tree, between distantly related species, not passed down from an ancient ancestor.

In addition to Otop1, there are two other related genes in vertebrates (Otop2 and Otop3), and this gene family is represented in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

Indeed, the genome comparisons revealed that angiosperms evolved 1179 novel genes, many of which gave rise to additional related genes to make up whole new gene families, says project co-leader Claude dePamphilis, an evolutionary biologist at Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

Known as Slit and Trk - like family member 1 (SLITRK1), it was related to a group of genes known to be involved in neuronal growth, guidance, and branching.

In the new study, a team led by molecular ecologist Silke Steiger and her graduate adviser Bart Kempenaers at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Starnberg, Germany, searched for smell - related genes in nine species representing seven major branches of the avian family tree.

The advent of microarray technology, with its capacity to monitor the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously, has provided a novel opportunity to identify individual genes, groups of genes, and related «gene families» associated with a given biologic process.

They also chose a gene target that might itself be problematic, given that it is part of a closely linked family of globin genes with highly related sequences, making it hard to target one without affecting the others.

This, and related research, reveals that the bread wheat genome has undergone rapid and significant changes, including loss of gene family members during the time it was being domesticated.

We use three sources of information to update the homology - based immune catalog in Nasonia: a previously published catalog of antimicrobial peptides [35], homology to characterized Dipteran immune proteins based on reciprocal best blastp hits to D. melanogaster, and profile hidden Markov models (HMMs) of known immune - related gene families derived from ImmunoDB [11](see methods for details).

The presence of a cluster of aggregation - factor - related genes in the Amphimedon genome indicates that allorecognition could be under the control of a multigene family.

Recently, some other cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor) or chemical drugs were also found to up - regulate several IFN - inducible gene family members (including RIG - G) through production of type I IFNs (37, 38), further indicating that the induction of RIG - G by ATRA in NB4 cells was tightly related with an IFNα autocrine pathway.

Although we have seen that sponges and eumetazoans share many common pathways related to morphogenesis and cell - type specification, there are notable genomic differences, including different microRNA assemblages46, lineage - specific domains and domain architectures, and the differential expansions of gene families.

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating molecule in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B - cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting

By inbreeding related animals of the same color from the «old family» strain of Pitbulls, they were able to perpetuate the genes, and Red Nose Pitbulls became more common.

Two related potassium (K +) channel defects in benign familial neonatal convulsions (BFNC) have recently been identified.9 10 A defect in a receptor for a different neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) has previously been identified in a family with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) 11, which was later shown to affect calcium (Ca +) movement.12 In humans, so far, there has not been any success in identifying genes associated with more common primary epilepsy syndromes such as juvenile absence epilepsy and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).13 No gene or marker linked to an epilepsy gene has been identified in any dog breed, as yet.