They have also compared the mouse and human genomes, which together are expected to help researchers
find genes for diseases and lead to new treatments for human illness.
Sure, people can have a genetic predisposition for a disease, or a
specific gene for a disease, but that gene can never expressed if it's not triggered by these controllable lifestyle factors.
There is much talk about such editing of heritable DNA to prevent children
getting genes for diseases such as cystic fibrosis from their parents, but almost all such diseases can already be prevented by screening IVF embryos before implantation.
«Trying to find a single
causative gene for diseases with a complex genetic background is like looking for the proverbial needle in a haystack,» says Lea Davis, PhD, of the section of Genetic Medicine at the University of Chicago, co-corresponding author of the PLOS Genetics report.
The findings may provide new directions in diagnosis and treatment for families that
inherit genes for the disease, as well as for those that develop non-inherited forms of the illness.
For example, in the rare disease of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency a dam will be perfectly healthy but will pass on to fifty percent of her puppies the X gene with the
recessive gene for the disease.
It is believed to be autosomal recessive, which means both the dam and sire must be carriers of the
mutated gene for the disease to be passed on to the litter.
By selectively adding or deleting stretches of DNA in the (artificially) fertilized cell, scientists could knock out
genes for a disease like diabetes or insert genes coding for extra height or intelligence.
Sure, people can have a genetic predisposition for a disease, or a
specific gene for a disease, but that gene may not be expressed if it is not triggered by these epigenetic, lifestyle, controllable factors.
Mental illness appears to be partly heritable (bipolar disorder, for one, runs in families), yet no one has discovered
a gene for the disease.
While you need
the gene for the disease to be triggered, «there are other factors that facilitate the onset of celiac, one of which is environmental,» he says.
Meanwhile, science, progressing for a half a century along a parallel track, had handed the Baxleys a resolution — not a cure, but a blood test that would reveal who had
the gene for the disease and who did not.
For instance, genetic diseases may be recessive, which means that both parents must contribute
a gene for the disease to be expressed, or regulated by multiple genes that may even be located on different chromosomes, or even triggered by environmental factors.
Currently Cornell University is working on a blood test to identify Shar - pei carrying
the gene for this disease.
Genes for diseases like this are often said to have incomplete penetrance.
There must be two of
the genes for the disease to fully occur.
It also means dogs with normal hips on x-ray may carry
the genes for the disease and you may have several generations of normal dogs before the problem «suddenly» appears in your line.