Sentences with phrase «gene functions by»

In animals such as mice, it is fairly routine to study gene functions by deleting a target gene or replacing it with an artificial piece of DNA.

To address this challenge, the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium is creating a genome - and phenome - wide catalog of gene function by characterizing new knockout - mouse strains across diverse biological systems through a broad set of standardized phenotyping tests.

Not exact matches

Feeling that you're part of a community is also apparently a hefty immune system boost, Seppälä says, citing research that «shows that genes impacted by social connection also code for immune function and inflammation.»

Indeed, because eggs are large cells that are relatively easy to manipulate, they are one of the favored cell types used by biologists to express foreign genes and to test gene function.

The original change is reversed by mutations occurring at high frequency, not just reversing the engineered change — that does happen, to be sure — but causing compensatory changes that appear in many places in the knocked out gene restoring function to the gene in quite unexpected ways.

Using gene - sequencing technology, researchers established that the precise segment of the pup's DNA «switched on» by the act of grooming was the part that controlled the future function of the hippocampus, which processes stress hormones.

Biological form and function is created from and is passed on to the next generation by genes, which are the primary units of inheritance.

The team cemented its finding by noting the mice's neurons» ability to undergo long - term potentiation — a type of response to stimulation, which has been implicated in learning processes — after gene function was restored.

The scientists from the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital at McGill University, led by Peter McPherson, along with collaborators in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Germany, and at SickKids Hospital and the University of Toronto, have discovered that a severe form of epileptic encephalopathy is caused by recessive loss - of - function mutations in the gene DENND5A.

It is believed to have an epigenetic function, regulating other genes by switching them off when necessary.

In the new research, the UB scientists found they could reverse those social deficits with a very low dose of romidepsin, which, they found, restores gene expression and function using an epigenetic mechanism, where gene changes are caused by influences other than DNA sequences.

In individuals affected by SMA, the survival motor neuron - 1 (SMN1) gene is mutated and lacks the ability to process a key protein that helps neurons function.

Current research shows that so - called «orphan genes» may appear as if by magic as a result of mutations in segments of DNA that previously had no function.

«The key point here is that we can say something about how the gene acts to influence this behavior — that is, is by functioning as a chemical messenger in cells that control this behavior in the brain.

Carlo Croce, a cancer researcher at Ohio State University in Columbus, and his colleagues created a diagram of interacting miRNAs for normal body cells by connecting them according to which genes they target and the function of those genes, in a way similar to analyses of human social networks.

Snake venoms are complex protein mixtures encoded by several gene families and these proteins function synergistically to cause rapid paralysis or death in prey.

As mere fragments of genes, ESTs by themselves generally have no intrinsic function in an organism.

A new report by researchers in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania found that loss - of - function mutations to Filaggrin - 2 (FLG2), a gene that creates a protein responsible for retaining moisture and protecting the skin from environmental irritants, were associated with atopic dermatitis in African American children.

In individuals affected by SMA, the spinal motor neuron - 1 (SMN1) gene is mutated and lacks the ability to process a key protein that helps muscle neurons function.

«This could mean that the reversal or suppression of pathological gene expression by beta blockers is somehow protective against heart failure, but it's something we would need to look into further to understand how individual genes function in the heart.»

Functioning with 473 genes, the cell is a milestone in his team's 20 - year quest to reduce life to its bare essentials and, by extension, to design life from scratch.

They processed data relating to genetics, including DNA sequences, and to gene expression, as well as epigenetic features — chemical reactions that influence genome functioning and hence phenotype by activating and deactivating genes.

«The number of protein functions that are currently targeted by drugs is incredibly small compared to the total number of protein interactions that could be targeted for therapeutic benefit,» says Geoffrey Wahl, a professor in Salk's Gene Expression Laboratory.

A decade of post-genomic biology has also focused new attention on the regions outside protein - coding genes, many of which are likely to have key functions, through regulating the expression of protein - coding genes and by making a slew of non-coding RNA molecules.

The researchers also assessed the necessity of numerous genes in the microbe by inserting foreign genetic material, called transposons, to disrupt their function.

For his part, Collins, who has led NIH since 2009 and been kept on by the Trump administration, pointed to an array of promising NIH activities, including the development of new technologies to provide insights into human brain circuitry and function through the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neuroethologies (BRAIN initiative) and the use of the gene - editing tool CRISPR - Cas9 to correct mutations and clear the way to develop and test a «curative therapy» for the first molecular disease: sickle cell disease.

The cut DNA is then either left as - is, silencing it, or repaired by using the gene editor to slip in a new, functioning segment.

Lee's next step is to identify the 11 other genes that seem to be regulated by BRCA1 and figure out their function.

«New innovative method for delivering genes into cells: Modification of cell physiological function with novel parallelized electroporation of mammalian cells by using electrostatic manipulation in a water - in - oil droplet.»

The researchers then prioritized the hundreds of genes that might be involved with cardiac function by applying a ranking algorithm somewhat similar to the one Google uses to rank Web pages of search results.

These two areas, though, are linked in more ways than just function — the same gene controls the size of each area, Salk researchers led by Dennis O'Leary have now discovered.

However, cancer cells may instead be coaxed to turn back into normal tissue simply by reactivating a single gene, according to a study that found that restoring normal levels of a human colorectal cancer gene in mice stopped tumor growth and re-established normal intestinal function within only 4 days.

By simply feeding roundworms genetically - modified bacteria, UK scientists have conducted an extraordinary one - by - one analysis of the function of nearly 86 per cent of the worms 20,000 geneBy simply feeding roundworms genetically - modified bacteria, UK scientists have conducted an extraordinary one - by - one analysis of the function of nearly 86 per cent of the worms 20,000 geneby - one analysis of the function of nearly 86 per cent of the worms 20,000 genes.

EUMODIC was the first step towards the creation of a database of all mouse gene functions, a vision now being realized by the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC).

The function of these genes were involved in molecular maintenance strategies, such as DNA repair, chromosomal maintenance, immune response and programmed cell death The authors argue that the «slower rate of change in these functions is consistent with increased constraint on somatic cell maintenance as would be required in these relatively long - lived and large - bodied mammals, illustrated by the additional large and long - lived species with slower rates in these genes (e.g. double - strand break repair gene XRCC4 is also highly constrained in elephant.»

The three Ras genes found in humans — H - Ras, K - Ras and N - Ras — were among the first to be linked to cancer development, and a new study led by VCU Massey Cancer Center researcher Paul Dent, Ph.D., has shown the recently approved breast cancer drug neratinib can block the function of Ras as well as several other oncogenes through an unexpected process.

By identifying the genes in any given taste cell, scientists can pinpoint the unique molecular components needed for that cell to carry out its particular function.

They identified and isolated a gene family with GNA1 function, which was confirmed by enzyme activity assays in vitro and by its capacity to restore growth in yeasts lacking GNA1.

Blocking the function of the Ras oncogenes is considered by many scientists to be the «holy grail» of cancer therapeutics because mutations in these genes drive the growth of so many different types of cancers.

By identifying novel genes and molecular pathways involved in shaping a taste cell's function, these findings may someday allow scientists to treat taste disorders, characterize new taste qualities, or even fine - tune a person's taste perception to encourage healthier eating.

Previous research has shown that a protein produced by a single gene can potentially have different functions in a cell depending on the proteins with which it interacts.

By measuring gene expression in the transgenic mice using DNA microarrays, researchers discovered 50 biomarkers of gene expression that each indicated declining kidney function.

For instance, one protein produced by a key fruit fly gene serves two separate functions over the course of fly development.

To confirm these observations, both studies disabled the ap2 - g gene by cutting it out of the genome to remove its function from the parasite and the manipulated parasites indeed lost the ability to generate sexual - stage parasites.

Numerous genes that seem to mimic plant functions — by encoding «Plant - Resembling PA and RA Domains» or PREPARADOs — were also identified.

The loss of beta cell function may be driven by a defect in Clec16a, a gene responsible for getting rid of old mitochondria, the powerhouses of cells, and making room for fresh ones.

«Because many broadly expressed genes that play key roles in essential cellular functions are under the control of cell - specific enhancers, the ability to affect enhancer function by knocking down eRNAs could potentially provide a new strategy for altering gene expression in vivo in a cell - specific manner,» said Glass, noting that in his research, anti-sense oligonucleotides were developed in conjunction with Isis Pharmaceuticals, which suppressed enhancer activity and reduced expression in nearby genes.

But you asked me right, the importance of gene duplication; most — I say, most, [which] is a rough number — but a very large number of the genes that carry out functions in our body are parts of [the] family of the genes, members of [the] family of the genes that have expanded by gene duplication.

Genes may influence our emotions, but only by tweaking the way our neurons function.

By deleting the gene that expresses p300, the researchers safely reduced Treg function and limited tumor growth in mice.