Sentences with phrase «gene is copied»

When a gene is copied into RNA, machinery in the cell removes the introns and joins the exons together in a process called splicing.

This is a stretch of DNA that gets chopped out after the gene is copied into RNA — and before a protein is made.

Here, a gene is copied into mRNA, which possesses both exons (mature mRNA regions that code for proteins) and introns (non-coding regions).

Rather than jamming the operon, the relevant genes were copied and placed within the reach of a genetic switch which turned them on.

Often, a gene was copied more than once, allowing each copy to mutate in different ways, yielding an ever more sophisticated mix.

But when certain genes are copied too many or too few times, it can lead to disease.

Not exact matches

Gene therapy involves the delivery, using a modified virus, of a healthy copy of a gene to make up for one that's deficient in a way that causes diseGene therapy involves the delivery, using a modified virus, of a healthy copy of a gene to make up for one that's deficient in a way that causes disegene to make up for one that's deficient in a way that causes disease.

Also found in the water bear genome were more copies of an anti-oxidant enzyme and a DNA repair gene than in any other animal.

To coax the apples to create these particular anti-browning RNA molecules, the scientists gave the apple extra copies of the browning gene that were tweaked to set off the plant's interference mechanism.

For Dawkins, by far the most important aspect of biological nature is the ability of certain stretches of DNA («genes») to engender faithful copies of themselves, under conditions that prevail.

Things get more complicated if the gene is recessive and a woman would need to get copies of the gene from both parents in order to express it.

If you're a carrier of a defective gene for a recessive disorder, that means you have one normal copy of the gene from one of your parents and one defective copy from the other.

If you have one non-functional copy of the gene, you're fine.

For a very small number of genes, though, people inherit only one working copy; the other copy is turned off, forever silenced.

Because there's only one functioning allele of an imprinted gene, if that copy becomes defective, developmental abnormalities can occur.

The scientists are also experimenting with gene therapy, using a harmless virus to deliver a normal copy of the normal CIB2 gene to baby mice that have the mutated version.

These highly repeated bits of DNA are capable of expressing and inserting new copies of themselves back into the genome — hence the sobriquet «jumping genes.»

This particular founder was born missing the letters A (for adenine) and G (guanine) from the DNA chain at the 185 site on one copy of his or her BRCA1 gene.

The two parents are healthy because each carries a copy of the gene that works, but their child inherits two damaged copies.

They made these clones by a process called automatic parthenogenesis: The egg is formed normally (with half the species» usual number of chromosomes), then fertilized by the «polar body,» a cell that is created during oogenesis and contains the same gene copies as the egg, resulting in the shark having half the genetic variation of its mother.

About one in 8,000 children is born with some form of SMA in which mutations in both copies of the gene that code for the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein cripples its production.

To account for the remarkable similarity between retrovirus oncogenes and their normal cellular kin, most virologists have settled on the idea that retrovirus oncogenes are copies of cellular genes.

The mutation is on the X chromosome so female children with two X chromosomes should have at least one functioning copy of the gene.

This must be how the first genes, made of RNA, would have copied themselves.

But first he needed copies of the gene; it had to be cloned.

AN EXTRA copy of a gene on chromosome 21 may explain why people with Down's syndrome are less likely to get breast and lung cancer than the rest of the population.

Huntington's is heritable — a copy of the gene from either parent guarantees a person will develop the disease.

The disorder arises when some or all of an extra copy of chromosome 21 is present, but exactly how this additional set of genes disrupts development, leading to learning difficulties and other symptoms of Down's, isn't clear.

In this cycle, new gene copies often arise by gene duplication, with the copies persisting or adapting into new roles within the genome for varying lengths of time, or dying off and being lost randomly.

So even though we inherit two copies of every gene — one from our mother, one from our father — whether the gene is methylated often determines which of the two genes will be turned on.

But when two copies of any of the genes are defective, the cell can multiply indefinitely.

It could be a more complicated version of the familiar case of sickle cell anemia: having two mutant copies of a certain gene causes the disease, whereas having only one mutant copy provides protection against malaria.

Both he and a younger sister with mild cognitive problems, have two copies of a mutation in a gene called APP, while relatives with just one copy of the mutation, including an 88 - year - old aunt, seemed to be actively protected against the disease (Science, DOI: 10.1126 / science.1168979).

Another is to change the number of expressed copies of a gene in each cell.

«When people have one copy of a gene not working, it's a little like taking a drug their entire lives that is inhibiting this gene.»

«For example, among individuals carrying the SNP sequence «TGT» at all three locations on both copies of the gene, 62 percent were blue - eyed,» says Sturm's colleague David Duffy.

For instance, doctors might be able to turn on alternate copies of genes to compensate for missing proteins or to reinvigorate genes that grow sluggish with age.

This vaccine would include a circular plasmid of DNA with the genes of specific proteins of the Zika virus inserted into it, and its effect will be similar to that of an inactivated vaccine — making the virus unable to copy itself.

Everyone was used to thinking that we get one copy of each gene from our mother, one from our father.

They found that when the gene was on the leading strand, the polymerase gaffed the copying up to 6 times more often than when the gene was on the lagging strand.

A healthy person has two copies of the IGF - 2 gene, one from each parent; the copy from the father is naturally expressed and the one from the mother is silenced.

What most people know about the inheritance of eye color is that brown comes from a dominant gene (needing one copy only) and blue from a recessive gene (needing two copies).

This area has not been explored in depth, since experience with other diseases has taught scientists that the loss of one gene copy might not lead to disease symptoms because the second copy provided by the other parent fills in.

In a new study published in The Quarterly Review of Biology, Dr. Karen Hardy and her team bring together archaeological, anthropological, genetic, physiological and anatomical data to argue that carbohydrate consumption, particularly in the form of starch, was critical for the accelerated expansion of the human brain over the last million years, and coevolved both with copy number variation of the salivary amylase genes and controlled fire use for cooking.

The result is that individuals with the most common form of the disease have a total of three copies of all the genes in this region.

Researchers found that some people who had been repeatedly exposed to HIV but remained uninfected had two copies of a defective CCR5 gene.

For example, the genes the microbe uses to copy genetic information from DNA and translate it into proteins are very similar to the ones we use.

The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC - MS) to characterize the metabolite composition («metabolomics»), and biocrust DNA was extracted for shotgun sequencing to measure single copy gene markers for the dominant microbe species («metagenomics»).

Nature is a master at constructing biological machines and circuits, including the ones that maintain the body's internal clock, copy genes or help cells move.

The two studies together suggest that single copies of inactivating ANGPTL3 mutations are found in roughly one of every 250 people of European descent, whereas people with mutations in both copies of the gene — as in the family studied by Musunuru and colleagues — are much rarer.