Sentences with phrase «gene modification in»

«SapTrap, a Toolkit for High - Throughput CRISPR / Cas9 Gene Modification in Caenorhabditis elegans.»

Many researchers, including Van Trung Chu, Klaus Rajewsky and Ralf Kühn, are seeking to promote the HDR repair pathway to make gene modification in the laboratory more precise in order to avoid editing errors and to increase efficiency.

Smithies was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2007 alongside Mario Cappecchi and Martin Evans «for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells».

We also demonstrate the feasibility of Cas9 / gRNA - mediated multiple gene modifications in primary cells.

Not exact matches

In genetic modification (or engineering) of food plants, scientists remove one or more genes from the DNA of another organism, such as a bacterium, virus, or other plant or animal, and «recombine» them into the DNA of the plant they want to alter.

Therefore, Golden Rice was developed using genetic modification, using genes from maize and a common soil microorganism that together produce beta carotene in the rice grain.

The unique advantage of genetic modification lies in its ability to incorporate novel genes with useful traits into new rice varieties.

Instead, scientists used genetic modification techniques to develop Golden Rice by using genes from maize and a common soil microorganism that together produce beta - carotene in the rice grain.

Using genetic modification in this way can improve the accuracy of identifying genes of interest and speed up the breeding process, even though the end - product is not GM rice.

In a Policy Forum in the new issue of Science, Theodore Friedmann, M.D., from the University of California in San Diego and colleagues from Montreal and Washington, D.C., highlight how gene therapy and other methods of genetic modification are poised to complicate international sports competitions like the Olympics, and indeed already havIn a Policy Forum in the new issue of Science, Theodore Friedmann, M.D., from the University of California in San Diego and colleagues from Montreal and Washington, D.C., highlight how gene therapy and other methods of genetic modification are poised to complicate international sports competitions like the Olympics, and indeed already havin the new issue of Science, Theodore Friedmann, M.D., from the University of California in San Diego and colleagues from Montreal and Washington, D.C., highlight how gene therapy and other methods of genetic modification are poised to complicate international sports competitions like the Olympics, and indeed already havin San Diego and colleagues from Montreal and Washington, D.C., highlight how gene therapy and other methods of genetic modification are poised to complicate international sports competitions like the Olympics, and indeed already have.

Two of these mechanisms, DNA methylation and histone modification, regulate how readily genes encoded in the DNA can be expressed.

Various chemical modifications of these histone proteins will result in an increase or decrease in the relevant gene activity.

In a common subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, this abnormal activation of such self - renewing genes is apparently caused by structural modifications of the DNA packaging.

These four genes and their proteins constitute the heart of the biological clock in flies, and with some modifications they appear to form a mechanism governing circadian rhythms throughout the animal kingdom, from fish to frogs, mice to humans.

Biologists now know that the genome sequence holds only a small part of the answer, and that key elements of development and disease are controlled by the epigenome — a set of chemical modifications, not encoded in DNA, that orchestrate how and when genes are expressed.

Scientists of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) led by the German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) have shown in a mouse model that the epigenetic * modification of the Igfbp2 ** gene observed in the young animal precedes a fatty liver in the adult animal later in life.

The researchers have compared various processes involved in gene expression, such as gene transcription and chromatin modification, and have repeated this in different tissues and cell types from both humans and mice.

By contrast, in more than 90 % of endometrial cancers, the gene has undergone hypermethylation, an epigenetic modification that doesn't change its DNA sequence but renders it inactive.

The direct methylation of the DNA changes the gene expression permanently if it takes place in the control regions of genes (so - called CpG islands), that have been made accessible by the modification of the histones.

Annette Schürmann of DIfE said: «Also in morbidly obese people with incipient diabetes, we were able to demonstrate this modification in the corresponding gene.

Chemical modifications of DNA play a big role in how genes turn on and off in the human body (SN: 2/14/09, p. 5).

As the researchers showed, already at the age of six weeks the Igfbp2 gene exhibited higher levels of methylation, i.e. stronger epigenetic modification, and at the same time the IGFBP2 synthesis in the liver was significantly reduced.

A study published this week in PLOS Medicine suggests that epigenetic modification of the HAND2 gene plays a critical role in the development of endometrial cancer.

In the human body cells turn genes on and off by means of chemical modifications that change DNA and related proteins.

But at a meeting in June, the secretive group took stock of a new threat: gene drives, a genetic - engineering technology that can swiftly spread modifications through entire populations and could help vanquish malaria - spreading mosquitoes.

«From other studies ***** we know that epigenetic modifications of the DPP4 gene, which are associated with an increased production of the enzyme, have a negative impact on the liver metabolism already in young mice, long before fatty liver disease emerges,» says Baumeier.

Esvelt plans to develop CRISPR gene drives in nematode worms — a fast - reproducing model organism — that are designed to spread a genetic modification in a local setting and then fizzle out, a concept that other scientists are pursuing.

«However, there is emerging evidence that epigenomic changes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, which affect the ways in which genes are transcribed and translated into proteins, are important features of these processes,» he continues.

Genetic modification — the ability to take genes from one species and splice them into another to create organisms with new properties — could be one of the biggest advances in recent science.

EPIGENOME DEBUT Chemical modifications to DNA and histones can influence how genes are turned on and off during development and in health and disease.

«New innovative method for delivering genes into cells: Modification of cell physiological function with novel parallelized electroporation of mammalian cells by using electrostatic manipulation in a water - in - oil droplet.»

Later in life the genetic material can be changed by epigenetic modifications, i.e. chemical alterations of the DNA the affect the activity of the genes.

It could also be relevant to clinical applications — it treats sequence uniqueness as a high priority and thus minimises the risk of potentially unwanted gene modifications, which must be avoided at all costs in gene therapy,» says Graf.

The researchers linked the excess weight and changes in metabolism to epigenetic modifications that reduce expression of the gene for adiponectin — a hormone that helps regulate several metabolic processes, including glucose regulation.

A closer look revealed epigenetic changes, such as methylation and histone modification, which shut down selected genes, often in response to environmental stresses.

Borrelli said they observed a remarkable decrease in expression levels of some 2,000 genes in this area, coupled with a widespread increase in modifications of basic DNA proteins called histones — particularly those associated with reduced gene activity.

«However, genome editing raises a regulatory issue by creating indistinct boundaries in GMO regulations because the advanced genetic engineering can, without introducing new genetic material, make a gene modification which is similar to a naturally occurring mutation.»

Epigenetic modifications to DNA and histone proteins are known to regulate metabolic gene expression, which in turn impacts metabolite levels.

In 2016, for example, researchers reported that they had created a CRISPR / Cas9 gene drive that forces a fertility - reducing gene modification into female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes — which could quickly reduce local Anopheles populations if unleashed in the wilIn 2016, for example, researchers reported that they had created a CRISPR / Cas9 gene drive that forces a fertility - reducing gene modification into female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes — which could quickly reduce local Anopheles populations if unleashed in the wilin the wild.

Replacing ordinary mosquitoes in the wild with genetically modified mosquitoes hasn't yet been attempted, though scientists have been working on «gene drive» techniques that cause DNA modifications to spread quickly into a wild population via ordinary breeding.

Beyond their participation in host defense, increasing evidence suggests that these modifications also play important roles in the regulation of gene expression, virulence and antibiotic resistance.

These chemical modifications of DNA play an important part in controlling how genes are expressed.

In order to elucidate the significance of early epigenetic modifications on the development of neural cells during embryogenesis in the mouse, Götz and her colleagues specifically inactivated the gene UhrfIn order to elucidate the significance of early epigenetic modifications on the development of neural cells during embryogenesis in the mouse, Götz and her colleagues specifically inactivated the gene Uhrfin the mouse, Götz and her colleagues specifically inactivated the gene Uhrf1.

Gene drive is so different from other technologies involving genetic modification that it requires a whole new way of thinking about how to evaluate and regulate it, says Jennifer Kuzma, a natural and social scientist at North Carolina State University (NCSU) in Raleigh who helped organize a February workshop there.

«Scientists determine structure of enzyme linked with key cell - signaling protein: Findings aid understanding of how modifications to cell - signaling protein affect its action in turning genes on and off.»

This chemical modification acts as a flag, signaling to the cell that genes in the vicinity should be inactive, or silent.

What we found is that the ability of this chronic social stress to produce maladaptive changes in brain and behavior — loss of pleasure, inability to sleep normally and so on — are mediated through epigenetic modifications of gene expression, in particular, emotional centers of the brain.

Nestler: The ability of this chronic social stress to produce maladaptive changes in brain and behavior are mediated through epigenetic modifications of gene expression in particular emotional centers of the brain.

Compared with living people, Neandertals and ancient Siberians known as Denisovans had slightly different patterns of DNA methylation — a chemical modification of DNA that doesn't change the information in genes but helps control gene activity.

«New major gene expression regulator in fungi: Researchers report prevalent DNA base modification in the earliest fungal lineages.»