Gene polymorphisms refer to natural variations in genes within a population. These variations can lead to different versions of a gene, which can then result in differences in traits or characteristics among individuals. It's like having different options, or versions, of a gene that can influence our physical features, how we respond to certain diseases, or even our ability to metabolize certain drugs.
Full definition
For example, a recent questionnaire - based study of canine personality found a significant association between aggressiveness and an androgen
receptor gene polymorphism in Akita Inus [37].
The impact of common dopamine D2 receptor
gene polymorphisms on D2 / 3 receptor availability: C957T as a key determinant in putamen and ventral striatum.
Our own study of the genetic effects on disorganised attachment has been extended by investigating the interplay between
DRD4 gene polymorphism and maternal behaviour [54].
Illmer, T., Schuler, U. S, Thiede, C., Schwarz, U. I., Kim, R. B, Gotthard S., Freund, D., Schakel, U., Ehninger, G. and Schaich, M. MDR1
gene polymorphisms affect therapy outcome in acute myeloid leukemia patients.
Research Paper The Interaction of Smoking
with Gene Polymorphisms on Four Digestive Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta - Analysis Le Du, Lei Lei, Xiaojuan Zhao, Hongjuan He, Erfei Chen, Jing Dong, Yuan Zeng, Jin Yang J. Cancer 2018; 9 (8): 1506 - 1517.
Cam, F.S. et al. «Association between the ACE I /
D gene polymorphism and physical performance in a homogenous non-elite cohort.»
«We found associations between
certain gene polymorphisms and delayed fracture healing in a sample of patients,» said J. Spence Reid, professor of orthopaedics and rehabilitation.
Additionally, low sex hormone - binding globulin (SHBG) levels may indicate diabetes - risk potentially mediated via
SHBG gene polymorphisms (60, 61).
«Here we see that the same IL -
21B gene polymorphisms seem to influence the response to influenza virus vaccination, at least in a population of transplant patients who, because of their transplant status, have to receive immunosuppressing drugs.
Furthermore, as dopaminergic mechanisms modulate pain responses, these researchers assessed the influence of the functional
DRD2 gene polymorphism (957C > T) and the catechol - O - methyl - transferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism on the analgesic effect of rTMS.
It is possible that polymorphisms within such exogenous sequences, or interactions between these exogenous sequences and other variables such as
human gene polymorphisms or stressful life experiences, could render some individuals vulnerable to major depression.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein - 1 (MCP - 1) plays an important role in the development of allergic inflammatory reactions by recruiting various immune cells, which is associated with many autoimmune diseases, but the association with the MCP -1-2518A /
G gene polymorphism and lupus nephritis...
In contrast, variants in the MTHFR gene have been associated with increased risk of neural tube defects and cardiovascular disease; however, 60 - 70 % of individuals in the general population have one of the two most common
MTHFR gene polymorphisms.
Goyal RK, Lin Y, Schultz KR, Ferrell RE, Kim Y, Fairfull L, Livote E, Yanik G, Atlas M. Tumor necrosis factor -
alpha gene polymorphisms are associated with severity of acute graft - versus - host disease following matched unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation in children: a Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium study.
Genome - wide association studies use «genechip» technology to identify genetic variants (
single gene polymorphisms or «SNPs») that could explain differences in health between individuals.
DRD4 and
TH gene polymorphisms are associated with activity, impulsivity, and inattention in Siberian Husky dogs.
Glucocorticoid Receptor (NR3C1)
Gene Polymorphism Moderate Intervention Effects on the Developmental Trajectory of African - American Adolescent Alcohol Abuse.
Interactions between
MAOA gene polymorphism and maternal parenting in predicting externalizing and internalizing problems and social competence among Chinese children: Testing the genetic vulnerability and differential susceptibility models.
BDNF gene polymorphism (Val66Met) predicts amygdala and anterior hippocampus responses to emotional faces in anxious and depressed adolescents
Phenotype studies of the
DRD4 gene polymorphisms in ADHD: association with oppositional defiant disorder and positive family history
«Looking for reward in all the wrong places: dopamine
receptor gene polymorphisms indirectly affect aggression through sensation - seeking.»
Furthermore, sex - specific differences in
gene polymorphism are suggested by one study showing that diabetic women carrying ACE D allele have a higher risk for development of diabetic nephropathy, which was not seen in diabetic men (Table 2)(331).
Such environments may be more similar to the environments where much of human genetic evolution took place; indeed, they may be adaptively relevant environments [AREs; [13]-RSB- for the evolution of dopamine
gene polymorphisms that have been primarily investigated in industrialized settings.
Filed Under: Events,
Gene polymorphisms, Testing Tagged With: antibiotic resistance genes, anxiety, Ben Lynch, David Brady, depression, Dirty Genes, fluroquinolones, GI MAP
Androgen receptor
gene polymorphisms are associated with aggression in Japanese Akita Inu.
The study suggests that oxytocin receptor
gene polymorphisms have an impact on proximity to unfamiliar humans and on how friendly the dogs were toward the human.
Dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4)
gene polymorphism is associated with attachment disorganization in infants
Background: An association between apolipoprotein E (apoE)
gene polymorphism and temperament has been found in the Young Finns cohort.
Association analysis of the catechol - o - methyltransferase (COMT), serotonin transporter (5 - HTT) and serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2A)
gene polymorphisms with obsessive - compulsive disorder
The first investigation of the specific genetic background of attachment behaviour showed an association between D4 dopamine receptor (DRD4)
gene polymorphism and infants» attachment behaviour [86].
Transmission disequilibrium tests confirm the link between DRD4
gene polymorphism and infant attachment.
Glucocorticoid receptor
gene polymorphisms and childhood adversity are associated with depression: New evidence for a gene — environment interaction
Investigating the genetic basis of theory of mind (ToM): The role of catechol - O - methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphisms
A meta - analysis of the association between the serotonin transporter
gene polymorphism (5 - HTTLPR) and trait anxiety
An exploratory genetic analysis: Associations between parent depression symptoms, child temperament, and the serotonin transporter
gene polymorphism (5HTTLPR).