Sentences with phrase «gene promoter as»

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It is for this reason that utopian thinking led some of its modern promoters, such as Arthur Koestler and Carl Sagan, to propose ways of «improving» human beings by biological manipulation such as surgical removal of certain centers in the brain or by genetic engineering to remove «bad» genes.

They also attached an inducible promoter, which enabled them to turn on the gene to make more GLP1, as needed, by exposing it to the antibiotic doxycycline.

To deliver the healthy gene, the team inserted it into an engineered virus called adeno - associated virus 1, or AAV1, together with a promoter — a genetic sequence that turns the gene on only in certain sensory cells of the inner ear known as hair cells.

The second insight involved changes in the evolution of gene regulation: As social complexity increased, so did the speed of changes to parts of the genome involved in regulating gene activity, located in the promoters of the genes, the researchers report.

It is only when these same cognate TFs act as noncognate TFs for other genes, or that new binding sites in the promoter drastically increase the number of noncognate binding configurations, that crosstalk constraints become clear.

Just as engineers rearrange capacitors and resistors to create different electric circuits, researchers can arrange gene promoters and repressors — stretches of DNA that control gene activity — to create gene circuits with different properties.

Among the key elements engineers need to get an organism such as E. coli to make a protein from a synthesized gene are extra sequences such as promoters (to help the cell make RNA from DNA) and ribosome binding sites (or RBS, which the cell needs to make proteins from the RNA).

Besides promoters located in the beginning of genes, gene expression is also regulated by enhancers which may be located as far as thousands of base pairs away from the gene they regulate.

The three stages of CD8 + T cell development are well known, but the current study identifies a detailed map of the regulatory circuitry, such as interactions between enhancers and promoters — genetic regulatory regions that function together in driving genes to transcribe proteins to carry out biological processes.

In particular, they examined different forms of the promoter region of the vasopressin V1a receptor gene (AVPRIA), known as DupA and DupB.

Previous work had shown that the DNA region in question, a promoter located on chromosome 17, switches on a nearby gene coding for a protein that shuttles serotonin back into nerve cells so they can reuse it as a neurotransmitter.

By introducing a gene with an NFAT promoter into the cells» genome as well, the scientists can put that gene under the control of light: Switch on the light, and the cells start producing the protein that the gene encodes.

«It is important to understand how nucleosomes are moved, ejected or restructured, as this will affect the accessibility of promoter DNA, which in turn influences the expression of the corresponding genes,» explains David Shore, professor at the Department of Molecular Biology of the Faculty of Science at UNIGE.

The dynamics of nucleosome formation and positioning in promoters may, for example, help to understand why some genes are highly expressed, such as those involved in normal or malignant growth, while others, such as stress - induced genes, are only rarely expressed under normal conditions.

Many miRNA genes, therefore, lack annotated features such as a promoter or splice sites, hindering progress in understanding their transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.

The ZFNs targeting either the cxcr4 or ccr5 genes were linked via a 2A peptide sequence and cloned into the pAdEasy - 1 / F35 vector under control of the CMV TetO promoter, and the Ad5 / F35 virus for each construct was generated using TREx 293T cells as described [33].

The FANTOM5 dataset supports the previous observation that gene promoters can be classified as either «broad» or «sharp» types, i.e. genes with many or few TSSs.

By contrast, the promoters of the genes that encode IFNα contain only IRF - binding elements, and these are known as PRDI - like and PRDIII - like elements (PRD - LEs).

In the current work we used adenoviral - type 5 (dE1 / E3)(Cytomegalovirus promoter) with human ABCA10 transgene (Ad - h - ABCA10) purchased from Vector Labs ® in order to investigate whether gene therapy can be used as a pre-treatment to enhance the efficiency of inhaled cisplatin.

In some cases, a gene can act as a growth promoter in cancer, and in other cases, such as head and neck cancer, the same gene behaves as a growth suppressor,» said Kinzler.

Because DDX3 exhibits tumor suppressor functions, such as a growth - suppressive property and transcriptional activation of the p21waf1 / cip1 promoter, and is inactivated through down - regulation of gene expression or alteration of subcellular localization in tumor cells, all these features together suggest that DDX3 might be a candidate tumor suppressor.

Sp1 binds to the GC - rich sequence on the proximal region of p21waf1 / cip1 promoter and acts as a mediator for the induction of p21waf1 / cip1 gene caused by transforming growth factor β (TGF - β; ref.

That being said, we generally pick guides by putting the promoter of the gene into a gRNA finder such as WU - CRISPR (6) or our lab's sgRNA scorer 1.0 (7) and picking whichever guides are closest to the transcription start site (TSS).

PULLMAN — Researchers at Washington State University have identified a new class of DNA sequence variation in gene promoter regions that could help control the activity of genes.The novel variations, dubbed «multiple nucleotide length polymorphisms,» or MNLPs, altered transcription of the genes they were associated with as much as 11-fold.

Although the researchers found no change in the coding region of the gene, they did find that autistic children were much more likely to have inherited a shortened form of the genes promoter — the DNA sequence that serves as the on ramp for the cellular machinery that will express the gene.

Besides, some other potential cis - acting elements for transcription factors [such as CAAT / enhancer binding protein (C / EBP) and PU.1] have been also noted in the RIG - G gene promoter.

In mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs)[2], as well as in the PCa cell lines [unpublished data], DAXX represses expression of these genes via mechanisms that include its binding to DNA methyl transferases (DNMTases) and hypermethylation of the promoter regions of the corresponding genes [2].

Categorized as constitutive or inducible (and functioning either generally or specific to certain tissues), promoters enable either continuous (constitutive) or transient (inducible) transcription of a specific gene (9).

It consists of a promoter and an operator; a promoter is the region of the operon that acts as an initial binding site during gene transcription.

The team's RGB system consists of 18 genes, 14 promoters, as well as other bits of DNA called terminators and plasmids, and 46,198 base pairs.

It matters, as far as gene expression is concerned, only if it occurs in a «promoter» region, a sequence of DNA needed to turn a gene on or off.

Using liver as a representative somatic tissue, our results illuminate how the evolutionary stability of gene expression is profoundly entwined with both the number and conservation of surrounding promoters and enhancers.

In August 2001, she joined the Imaging Facility Group at the Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression (LRBGE) at the National Institutes of Health as a Postdoctoral Fellow to investigate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) dynamics at promoter elements in live cells and the GR - regulated pol II transcription.

These mice were created and deposited by The Pleiades Promoter Project (Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia); their goal is to generate 160 fully characterized, human DNA promoters of less than 4 kb (MiniPromoters) to drive gene expression in defined brain regions of therapeutic interest for studying disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease), Multiple Sclerosis, Spinocerebellar Ataxia, Depression, Autism, and Cancer.

PEITC shares the same - N = C = S reactive bit as sulforaphane from broccoli, and the much the same cellular mechanism (induction 100s of genes with the Antioxidant Response Element promoter, mediated by Keap1 - Nrf2).

The data indicate that the epigenetic response to maternal care involves not only single candidate gene promoters but includes transcriptional and intragenic sequences, as well as those residing distantly from transcription start sites.

Adults who had been categorized as behaviorally inhibited at the age of 2 years exhibited a higher amygdala activation in response to unknown vs familiar faces16 compared with adults who were uninhibited as children, consistent with the notion that novel or ambiguous environmental stimuli of potential biological relevance activate the amygdala.17 Turning to genes that can influence the neurobiological bases of the processing of emotions, 2 common alleles, the short (S) and the long (L), in a variable repeat sequence of the serotonin transporter (5 - HTT) promoter polymorphism (5 - HTTLPR) on human chromosome 17q11 have been differently associated with greater amygdala activity in response to angry or fearful faces18 in healthy adults.

More than 60 % of the genes analyzed by the microarray have inversely correlated promoter DNA methylation and expression levels (defined as gene promoters with methylation above 50 % and expression below the 50 - percentile of expression levels, and vice versa).

When applying a more stringent criteria to our list of differentially methylated promoters, such as FDR < 0.05, 184 probes located within 60 gene promoters remained significantly associated with CPA (Spreadsheet S1).