Sentences with phrase «gene segments of»

By developing a new technique for labeling the gene segments of influenza viruses, researchers now know more about how influenza viruses enter the cell and establish cell co-infections — a major contributing factor to potential pandemic development.

Not exact matches

«The services segment will grow between 13 per cent and 20 per cent per year over the next five years driven by continued growth in existing services along with new, innovative services,» Gene Munster, co-founder of Loup Ventures and a veteran Apple analyst, wrote in an email following the results on Tuesday.

Experiments proved that Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1), a sort of protective switch against some types of cellular stress, could bind to the TTR gene's promoter (a segment of DNA near the TTR gene).

Using gene - sequencing technology, researchers established that the precise segment of the pup's DNA «switched on» by the act of grooming was the part that controlled the future function of the hippocampus, which processes stress hormones.

The DNA segments that carry genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the expression of genetic information.

Current research shows that so - called «orphan genes» may appear as if by magic as a result of mutations in segments of DNA that previously had no function.

Some argued that the genes implicated in the disease promoted creativity; others believed that schizophrenics were frustrated cult leaders — unorthodox thinkers constitutionally «engineered» to lead segments of humanity to break off from the herd, but who lacked the charisma to effect much change.

It may be difficult to do taxonomy in the rapidly opening world of microorganisms, where bacteria routinely swap gene segments, he says, but the answer is not for scientists to throw up their hands.

Harris and Peter Ratcliffe, also at the IMM, discovered the genetic switches, which they call «hypoxia - responsive elements» (HREs), in segments of DNA known as regulatory genes.

Because the segment of DNA that they studied isn't associated with a gene that conveys an obvious benefit to the deer, any mutations that arise over time neither help nor hurt the creature's survival.

The scientists then scanned the samples using microarray technology, which cuts genetic material into segments to provide a snapshot of which genes are active and which are asleep inside the cells.

It has multiple hosts and can evolve by mutation but also reassortment (when two closely related strains infect the same host and exchange gene segments, producing new strains — a process distinct from mutation, when the RNA of a virus is miscoded during replication).

Developed by Harvard geneticist George Church, a modified E. coli strain provides what's known as codon security: Biosensors can't spill their tweaked genes into the ecosystem because a segment of their genetic code has been made incompatible with all living organisms.

The pilot project tested a dozen or so of the most commonly used gene promoters (regions of DNA that facilitate gene transcription) and segments of DNA that encode ribosome - binding sites (sequences of messenger RNA that control protein translation) to determine whether they behave consistently in different cellular contexts.

In 1993, geneticist Dean Hamer co-published a study claiming male homosexuality was at least partially genetic, and he identified the chromosome segment where one of the relevant genes was located.

To trace the gene's evolutionary history in humans, the team sequenced a segment of DNA that includes ACTN3 in 96 people from Europe, Asia, or Africa.

First described in the 1990s — a discovery that led to the 2006 Nobel Prize — RNAi is a process by which organisms suppress the expression of target genes through the action of small RNA segments that bind to corresponding gene sequences.

Here, segments of RNA known as transcripts — derived from specific DNA genes — hold vital clues regarding health.

June's team also wants to knock out two gene segments that encode different portions of the protein that makes up a T cell's primary receptor so that the engineered NS - ESO - 1 receptor will be more effective.

The segment contains several genes, one of which raises the risk of autism.

By studying rare «copy number variations,» which are individual errant insertions or deletions of DNA segments (each of which occur in less than one percent of the population), researchers discovered a new cluster of genes that are affected in some autistic individuals as well as a number of mutations that were present in autistic children but not their parents.

«This methodology is very important because it allows you to very quickly integrate almost any piece of DNA in these vectors,» remarks Bellen, who says this technology also allows scientists to put single point mutations in a gene and then reinsert the gene into a genome as well as tagging a segment of DNA with fluorescent markers.

The readability of genes is controlled by epigenetic factors, namely factors which do not influence the gene sequence directly, but rather cause certain genes and chromosomal segments to be packed in different densities — and thus make them accessible for reading.

These microbes essentially keep mug shots of dangerous viruses in their DNA, storing snippets of viral genes between certain repeated segments of their own genes in a natural biological process known as CRISPR, for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.

Furthermore, large segments of chromosome 11 and several other chromosomes were reshuffled like a deck of cards, drastically altering the arrangement of the genes.

The technique introduces modified segments of nucleic acid from the gene that produces the nicotine demethylase enzyme.

Researchers used the CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing technique to introduce a segment of a human gene causing Huntington's, with a very long glutamine repeat region, into pig fibroblast cells.

Research from other scientists at Johns Hopkins, he says, had suggested that some tumors, particularly those that affect the nervous system, have mutations in the ATRX gene, which produces proteins that appear to maintain the length of telomeres, repetitive segments of DNA on the ends of chromosomes that typically shorten each time a cell divides.

The researchers also investigated the impact of aneuploidy on other biological pathways, such as transcription, the first stage of gene expression in which a segment of DNA is copied into RNA.

Many of these genes lie within the DNA segment that differs between carrion and hooded crows, suggesting that somehow the pigment genes that give the two groups their unique appearance are also keeping the species separate.

The Münster immunologists found a test - tube alternative for this, too: they used the molecular biological method of genome editing to systematically «cut out» the gene segment relevant for VLA4 and produce the appropriate «deficient» immune cells.

Although the purpose of the segments is poorly understood, they make life more difficult for cells because they because they have to be snipped out of RNA copies of a gene before it can be turned into a protein.

The mergers occur during DNA replication, when matching segments of otherwise disparate genes mistakenly pair up.

Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA.

Wray is particularly interested in DNA segments called enhancers, which control the activity of genes nearby.

The gene cluster contains an inversion, or a strand of DNA flipped end - to - end, making it impossible for recombined DNA segments to line up properly on the chromosomes and resulting in a hopeless genetic tangle.

One gene set that stood out involved components of the spliceosome, the molecular complex that helps prepare messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts for protein production by removing noncoding segments called introns.

RNAi works by flooding a cell with short segments of RNA — the intermediate blueprint for building proteins from a gene's DNA.

The current U.K. trial is again using fats, or lipids, but the DNA includes a segment called a promoter that should make gene expression last longer, says Eric Alton of Imperial College London, who heads the UK Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortgene expression last longer, says Eric Alton of Imperial College London, who heads the UK Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy ConsortGene Therapy Consortium.

While the cell is in the process of copying its genetic material, the new DNA would then replace a nearly identical existing gene segment in the cell, changing it slightly.

To produce a globin protein molecule, the DNA of the globin gene is first transcribed into a long RNA molecule from which internal segments must be excised, or spliced out, to generate the RNA template for protein synthesis in the red cell.

These genes exist on plasmids, small segments of DNA that are capable of moving from one bacterium to another, potentially spreading antibiotic resistance to other bacterial species.

On January 9, a team, led by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Children's Hospital Boston, announced that it had found copy number variations — deletions of duplications of segments of genetic code that alter the number of copies of a gene a person carries — in 12 of 1,400 autism sufferers it was studying.

The gRNA sequence must complement a stretch of 20 nucleotides on the segment of the CD32 gene we want to cut.

In the case of a deletion of this DNA segment, the damaged gene likely will not produce enough protein.

Back in the lab in Norman, Lewis and his colleagues used state - of - the - art gene sequencing methods that allowed them to get long segments of the gene that is used as the standard for classification and identification of microbes, because it differs in various bacteria.

The length of the modern - day DNA segments allowed the team to estimate when they entered the Siberian Neanderthal gene pool.

Then they analyzed segments of DNA that include those 247 genes in 31 unrelated Tibetans, 45 Chinese, and 45 Japanese lowland people whose DNA was genotyped in the HapMap Project.

The researchers also suggest that because the Y can not exchange genes with the X chromosome anymore, it uses other unusual ways to reconfigure its DNA, such as recombining with itself to add on new segments of identical DNA — or palindromes — into its genome.

The group took the first step toward their goal of a novel engineering strategy for yeast by creating what is known as a cDNA library: a collection of over 90 % of the genes from the genome of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), arranged within a custom segment of DNA so that each gene will be, in one version, overactive within a yeast cell, and in a second version, reduced in activity.