Sentences with phrase «gene selection in»

To explore the kinetics of gene selection in vivo, we plotted the percentage of sequencing reads mapped to genes in the Bt genome over time and examined genes constituting > 0.2 % of total reads.

Not exact matches

In many animal model systems, for example, the precise genes involved in sexual partner selection have been identified, and their neuro - biochemical pathways have been worked out in great detaiIn many animal model systems, for example, the precise genes involved in sexual partner selection have been identified, and their neuro - biochemical pathways have been worked out in great detaiin sexual partner selection have been identified, and their neuro - biochemical pathways have been worked out in great detaiin great detail.

The method identifies gene sets that show evidence for positive selection in comparison with matched controls, and thus highlights genes for further functional studies.

In its mathematics, the selection coefficients are attached to genes or genotypes.

Evolution was not of major interest to most of these biologists, but insofar as they had a theory of it, it was a theory in terms of mutations of individual genes, carried by individual organisms and submitted to natural selection.

Through cultural evolution we take charge of much of our environment and that in turn changes the direction of natural selection of genes.

You see evolution is defined as «change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift.»

In this paper, I tried to interpret evolution as a continually shifting balance, spatially and temporally, among what I called the pressures of mutation, selection, and migration on gene frequencies, in conjunction with the effects of random drift composed of random variations in these pressures and of local accidents of samplinIn this paper, I tried to interpret evolution as a continually shifting balance, spatially and temporally, among what I called the pressures of mutation, selection, and migration on gene frequencies, in conjunction with the effects of random drift composed of random variations in these pressures and of local accidents of samplinin conjunction with the effects of random drift composed of random variations in these pressures and of local accidents of samplinin these pressures and of local accidents of sampling.

The happenings we know a lot about, thanks to evolutionary biology, particularly of the last four decades, are the roles of mutation, recombination of genes in sexual reproduction resulting in a great diversity of gene arrangements, and natural selection.

For instance, one admits that in much of evolution (probably all above the bacteria), evolutionary changes involve enormous numbers of genes, rather than a selection of one or two particular genes (although that occurs in a few instances, possibly, for instance, in industrial melanism).

= > In the atheist view there are only two agents of change in a populations gene pool, random mutation and natural selectioIn the atheist view there are only two agents of change in a populations gene pool, random mutation and natural selectioin a populations gene pool, random mutation and natural selection.

In the future, through selective abortion or the more sophisticated selection of embryos in vitro, couples will be able to screen out potential children with undesirable geneIn the future, through selective abortion or the more sophisticated selection of embryos in vitro, couples will be able to screen out potential children with undesirable genein vitro, couples will be able to screen out potential children with undesirable genes.

Think he needs to go back and read the origin of species... Coz in the real world natural selection would have seen the wenger football gene disappear years ago... Sadly management at arsenal financial club doesn't care about football or fans

To answer these questions, Senior lecturer Xiao - Ru Wang and colleagues examined the signature of selection among members of a large gene family, the glutathione S - transferase (GST) in pine genome.

«This is exciting because if genes affected differences between individuals in these traits, it means they could also change in response to natural selection,» said Dr Bolund.

Normally, to achieve such a rapid evolutionary shift, a species needs to start with an alternative version of a gene already in circulation, giving natural selection more to work with, but in deer mice the new version of Agouti spread rapidly from a standing start.

Disease - causing viruses engage their hosts in ongoing arms races: positive selection for antiviral genes increases host fitness and survival, and viruses in turn select for mutations that counteract the antiviral host factors.

In a response to recommendations in the National Academies report, the organization notes two possible strategies for harnessing natural selection to incapacitate a gene drive that is diminishing a populatioIn a response to recommendations in the National Academies report, the organization notes two possible strategies for harnessing natural selection to incapacitate a gene drive that is diminishing a populatioin the National Academies report, the organization notes two possible strategies for harnessing natural selection to incapacitate a gene drive that is diminishing a population.

The initiative, called Safe Genes, comes at a time when so - called «gene drive» systems, which override the standard rules of gene inheritance and natural selection, are raising hopes among some scientists that the technology could alter or suppress populations of disease - carrying insects or other pests in as few as 20 generations.

Comparisons of the Neandertal genome to the genomes of five present - day humans from different parts of the world identify a number of genomic regions that may have been affected by positive selection in ancestral modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism and in cognitive and skeletal development.

This suggests that in our ancestors, natural selection flushed out the Neandertal version of this gene.

One gene in giant pandas, TAS2R42, had accumulated mutations with incredible speed compared with their other genes — a telltale sign that natural selection had favored these mutations.

Traditional strain - selection techniques are supplemented with strain screening, which can involve examining gene - expression patterns through PCR or understanding global gene expression in relation to environmental factors using gene chips.

It is in their genes, and natural selection keeps it there.

Each played a role leading to his revolutionary idea that it's gene survival that really matters in natural selection.

We did not find any evidence for a so - called «positive selection» but instead found that many gene variants linked to schizophrenia reside in regions of the genome in which natural selection is not very effective in the first place.

In fact, many of our heart - stopping responses to nature are embedded in our genes from millennia of natural selectioIn fact, many of our heart - stopping responses to nature are embedded in our genes from millennia of natural selectioin our genes from millennia of natural selection.

Biological kin selection means that organisms may be more willing to help others in relation to how many genes they share.

The new study «adds fuel to an active debate» about the role of accessory genes, says Alan McNally, a microbiologist at the University of Birmingham in England — whether or not the collections of genetic add - ons that bacteria maintain are shaped by natural selection, the process that fuels evolution.

To test this hypothesis, an international team led by evolutionary biologist Philipp Khaitovich of the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences in China and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, set out to see how many brain - related genes implicated in schizophrenia underwent positive natural selection since humans and chimpanzees diverged from a common ancestor between 5 million and 7 million years ago.

In the study, «Ecological segregation in a small mammal hybrid zone: Habitat - specific mating opportunities and selection against hybrids restrict gene flow on a fine spatial scale,» which appears in the March print edition of the journal Evolution, the authors discuss the factors driving these mating dynamics in a hybrid zone in southern CaliforniIn the study, «Ecological segregation in a small mammal hybrid zone: Habitat - specific mating opportunities and selection against hybrids restrict gene flow on a fine spatial scale,» which appears in the March print edition of the journal Evolution, the authors discuss the factors driving these mating dynamics in a hybrid zone in southern Californiin a small mammal hybrid zone: Habitat - specific mating opportunities and selection against hybrids restrict gene flow on a fine spatial scale,» which appears in the March print edition of the journal Evolution, the authors discuss the factors driving these mating dynamics in a hybrid zone in southern Californiin the March print edition of the journal Evolution, the authors discuss the factors driving these mating dynamics in a hybrid zone in southern Californiin a hybrid zone in southern Californiin southern California.

Studies seeking subtle signs of selection in the DNA of humans and other primates have identified dozens of genes, in particular those involved in host - pathogen interactions, reproduction, sensory systems such as olfaction and taste, and more.

While natural selection favours the accumulation of fit alleles of beneficial genes, the majority of chromosomes in many organisms are composed of «selfish DNA ``, which does not benefit its host and seems to play no other role other than ensuring its own replication.

More than a hundred sites in the genome showed strong evidence of recent selection, including genes that affect muscle tissue, hair, hearing, immune - system function, skin pigmentation, sense of smell, and the body's response to heat stress.

«Ecological segregation in a small mammal hybrid zone: Habitat - specific mating opportunities and selection against hybrids restrict gene flow on a fine spatial scale,» appears in the March print edition of the journal Evolution.

«We're generating so much sequence data right now, from so many species, that it's relatively straightforward to look for signatures of selection in genes and to find good candidates for adaptations,» Montooth said.

Their findings indicate that intuition and signatures of selection in gene sequence may not be enough for scientists to conclusively solve the puzzles of molecular evolution.

More than two decades ago, in one of the first papers using gene sequences to find signatures of natural selection, scientists hypothesized that a molecular change in an enzyme gave the Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly species its superior ability to metabolize alcohol.

This and other evidence, say study authors Svante Pbo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and his colleagues, «strongly suggest that this gene has been the target of selection during recent human evolution.»

Functional analyses indicate that MFSD12 encodes a lysosomal protein that affects melanogenesis in zebrafish and mice, and that mutations in melanocyte - specific regulatory regions near DDB1 / TMEM138 correlate with expression of ultraviolet response genes under selection in Eurasians.

The introduction of penicillin in the 1940s led to the selection of S. aureus strains that carried the methicillin resistance gene.

The analysis, published online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, revealed 281 genes that show signs of rapid or numerous genetic changes — a hallmark of recent selection — in domestic cats.

If the results can be replicated in other species, it will represent a boost for the hologenome theory of evolution — the idea that the object of natural selection is not the individual organism nor even just its genes, but also those of the microbes it hosts.

Such genes play an important role in mate selection — not just in bats, but also in mice and possibly even humans.

For instance, genes that were deleterious only in human - Neanderthal hybrids might have existed, and sexual selection or other forms of selection against hybrids could have been very important processes during human - Neanderthal hybridization.

Its still material that natural selection can work with in the future and yeah, there are ways for genes to acquire new functions long after they've been duplicated.

Haig argued that the process of natural selection would favor mutations in the genes of fathers that boost the amount of nutrition babies get from their mothers.

Once transferred into the human genome, however, these alleles became subject to natural selection, which was more effective in the larger human populations and has removed these gene variants over time.

Neanderthal genetic material is found in only small amounts in the genomes of modern humans because, after interbreeding, natural selection removed large numbers of weakly deleterious Neanderthal gene variants, according to a study by Ivan Juric and colleagues at the University of California, Davis, published November 8th, 2016 in PLOS Genetics.

«One major adaptation is a positive selection for genes involved in hypoxia response and skeletal development, similar to those expressed in other organisms in high - altitude environments such as Tibet and the Andes,» Dr Subramanian said.