Sentences with phrase «gene transfers»

Bacteria to eukaryote lateral gene transfers (LGT) are an important potential source of material for the evolution of novel genetic traits.

Cryo - EM is especially good at depicting surface proteins, i.e., the location where infections or gene transfers usually start.

This narrow view has been becoming overshadowed by genetic findings that support the more recent hypothesis of complex roots, which emphasizes lateral genetic exchanges or horizontal gene transfers (HGT) rather than vertical mutational progression in the development of nucleated organisms, through a clearly defined «tree of life» (Mark Buchanan, New Scientist, January 26, 2010).

Beyond the interest these lateral gene transfers evoke in evolutionary biology, these results highlight the risk gene transfers could cause, in case GM - parasitoid wasps are produced, as genes artificially introduced into wasp species used for biological control could be transferred into the genomes of the targeted pests.

Given that tens of thousands of parasitic wasp species, each associated with a unique bracovirus, parasitize virtually all lepidopteran species, it is likely that the described phenomenon is general and that different gene transfers occur regularly in nature.

High throughput genome analyses in recent years find more and more examples of possible «horizontal gene transfers.»

It had been assumed that such lateral gene transfers were uncommon, but their existence in arthropods, the largest animal phylum, suggests that such transfers may be a significant evolutionary mechanism.

«Antibiotics don't promote swapping of resistance genes: Bacterial resistance spreads through population dynamics, not an increase in gene transfers.»

With respect to antibiotic resistance, this novelty can be induced and we can trace the novelty to particular mutations arising absent gene transfer; i.e. the genes which give rise the resistance were not present prior to the mutation, they are new sequences and not simply the activation of dormant genes.

«A German athletic coach was found attempting to obtain Repoxygen, a gene transfer vector that expresses the erythropoietin gene [and boosts red blood cell production].

They note that targeting inflammation to treat infections offers an advantage over antibiotic therapy, as the former hinders gene transfer and the evolution of pathogens, while the latter promotes bacterial evolution and, ultimately, antibiotic resistance.

Viral - mediated gene transfer now enables investigators to overexpress or knock out a gene of interest within highly localized regions of brain.

«This regenerative technology, termed AAV gene transfer, provided long - lasting benefit to the entire musculature of affected dogs that would have otherwise perished, extending a healthy lifespan for more than 4 years,» said Dr. Martin Childers, senior author of the Muscle & Nerve study and a UW Medicine researcher in Seattle.

More recently, their research has turned to modeling the process of gene transfer between bacteria in biofilms.

They would be created through the process of lateral gene transfer, in which microbes incorporate loose bits of genetic material from other microbes into their own.

Gene transfer typically occurs when a host bacteria passes a plasmid, a small circular DNA not part of the host genome, to another, not necessarily related bacteria, following conjugation.

This information may help to predict which other bacterial species might participate in this form of gene transfer, and to identify just how widespread the phenomenon is.

But by investigating the DNA sequence around the resistance genes, the team figured out how the resistance genes transfer occurred through a new mechanism named «carry back,» where the pathogen basically has a primitive form of «sex» with the Actinobacterium and takes up its resistance genes after it dies.

That's where genomic analysis can help: It turns out that Methanosarcina had acquired a particularly fast means of making methane, through gene transfer from another microbe — and the team's detailed mapping of the organism's history now shows that this transfer happened at about the time of the end - Permian extinction.

Over many years, the NTNU University Museum has been studying what such an extreme gene transfer system means for the global propagation of these plants.

The study clearly shows the utility of the adeno - associated virus in long - lasting gene transfer, says molecular geneticist Rudolph Leibel, an obesity researcher at Columbia University in New York City.

«We can't stop this gene transfer, but when you know, which resistance genes pathogens may harbor, you can personalize the antibiotic treatment.

By compiling a database of 110 different prokaryote genomes, Todd J. Treangen and Eduardo P. C. Rocha of the Pasteur Institute in Paris calculated the number of genes that had been acquired through horizontal gene transfer.

CTL119 manufacturing begins with a patient's own T cells, some of which are removed and then reprogrammed in Penn's Clinical Cell and Vaccine Production Facility with a gene transfer technique designed to teach the T cells to target and kill tumor cells.

But this method of gaining new DNA, termed horizontal gene transfer, was thought to be relatively rare and to occur only under strong pressures in the environment, such as exposure to powerful antibiotics.

«Once we had discovered 120 new variants, we started testing them and, lo and behold, some were significantly better in terms of gene transfer efficiency to specific tissues and organs,» Wilson says.

While this phenomenon, known as horizontal gene transfer, is fairly common in bacteria and other microorganisms, this was the first compelling evidence that multicellular organisms were swapping genes.

Lateral gene transfer is the...

This group is well known for its design of retroviral vectors for efficient gene transfer and it seemed like a good idea for me to go there for a year and exchange knowledge and expertise.

Research areas include species for comparative research; phenotypic characterization; fitness, genome stability and lateral gene transfer; control of organismal traits; monitoring and surveillance; modeling and standardization of methods and data.

Altering proteins in one part of the virus to achieve a certain benefit, such as more efficient gene transfer or reduced recognition by host immune cells, could end up destroying the structural integrity of the entire shell.

DNA analyses of the Oaxaca corn revealed several signs of gene transfer from transgenic plants, including a gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a bacterium that produces a toxin lethal to common pests.

Goldstein and colleagues had reported that tardigrades imported about 17 percent of their genes from foreign sources using a type of DNA swapping known as horizontal gene transfer (SN Online: 11/25/15).

Dr. Stoddart's main research focus is using autologous stem cells and gene transfer to repair musculoskeletal tissues using a cell therapy approach.

Having three versions of the genome to compare helped the researchers distinguish between contamination and real horizontal gene transfer, says Max Telford, a phylogeneticist at University College London.

During that time, he took a six - month sabbatical at the Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School / Brigham and Women's Hospital, in Boston to learn viral gene transfer techniques.

Furthermore, removing genes that facilitate conjugation halted gene transfer altogether, suggesting that they play a key role in the process.

The gene cluster is found in several distantly related groups, suggesting that the fungi swapped genes in a process called horizontal gene transfer.

Indeed, it has long been ignored by our unicellular companions, among whom horizontal gene transfer makes nonsense of our taxonomies.

This is because the fungal highway enables pollutant - degrading bacteria to reach their food faster and, with the help of gene transfer, they may even be upgraded along the way.

The researchers in Bonn are currently testing gene transfer techniques and also optical stimulators.

Wick continues: «Our study shows that fungal hyphae not only provide soil bacteria with an excellent infrastructure, but also a potential hot spot for bacterial horizontal gene transfer.

In his article on horizontal gene transfer, Mark Buchanan erroneously states that the genetic code is «universal, shared by all organisms» (23 January, p 34).

«Gene transfer on the fungal highway: Researchers show how fungi can improve the genetic makeup of bacteria and their potential for the breakdown of harmful substances.»

Intrigued by the ability of certain polymers to mop up DNA and RNA for gene transfer, Sullenger and colleagues tested the idea that these chemical compounds might also be effective targeting such nucleic acids as they arise in cell death.

In a new study published in the journal Scientific Reports, UFZ researchers have been able to demonstrate that these so - called fungal hyphae also form a hot spot for gene transfer between bacteria.

In their research, the UFZ scientists were also able to show that much greater gene transfer takes place between bacteria on the fungal highway than in a moist environment without fungal hyphae.

So in an attempt to cure mice of hepatitis B, Kay's team flooded their livers with double - stranded RNA from a gene transfer vector.

It appears to have acquired several genes that make it more pathogenic, however, probably in a process called horizontal gene transfer, by which microbes exchange bits of genetic information.

University of Tsukuba researchers developed a gene transfer system that allowed iPSC reprogramming to only occur in the presence of KLF4, thus focusing exclusively on its role in the process.