Sentences with phrase «general circulation models used»

The team looked at 99 water sub-basins using all 22 general circulation models used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) under three emissions scenarios and a number of different indices for drought.

«Their prediction of 1.35 degrees C [TCR] is, even if correct, only 25 % lower than the average of the general circulation models used in the IPCC 5th Assessment.

The Process Study and Model Improvement (PSMI) Panel's mission is to reduce uncertainties in the general circulation models used for climate variability prediction and climate change projections through an improved understanding and representation of the physical processes governing climate and its variation.

There are uncertainties in parts of the general circulation models used to forecast future climate, but thousands of scientists have made meticulous efforts to make sure that the processes are based on observations of basic physics, laboratory measurements, and sound theoretical calculations.

Not exact matches

The group also used a general circulation model to predict what might be expected to happen in the world's wine locales in the next 50 years and determined that an average additional warming of two degrees C may occur.

General circulation models have generally excluded the feedback between climate and the biosphere, using static vegetation distributions and CO2 concentrations from simple carbon - cycle models that do not include climate change6.

He promoted the use of water stable isotopomers for reconstructing past climate changes from ice cores and with associated atmospheric modelling using both dynamically simple and General Circulation Models (GCMs).

The inner edge of the habitable zone for synchronously rotating planets around low - mass stars using general circulation models.

Sellers, P.J., Y. Mintz, Y.C. Sud, and A. Dalcher, 1986: A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models.

Takahashi, M., 1996: Simulation of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation using a general circulation model.

Khairoutdinov, M., D. Randall, and C. DeMott, 2005: Simulations of the atmospheric general circulation using a cloud - resolving model as a superparameterization of physical processes.

Using the adjoint of an ocean general circulation model, I try to understand the local and remote processes that generate temperature anomalies in the Nordic Seas on different timescales and their potential contribution to decadal climate predictability.

Knowledge of dominant scales associated with mesoscale eddies enables a better understanding of the resolution requirements for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, the framework used for comparison of global coupled ocean - atmosphere general circulation models.

The delta method interpolates the General Circulation Model generally used in climate modelling at scales of 100 to 200 km using a thin plate spline spatial interpolation method to achieve the 30 arc seconds resolution [52].

The Met Office Hadley Centre (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research) climate change model, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanmodel, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanModel, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanmodel, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater than B1).

We address this issue in a new study led by Dr. Ravi Kopparapu, on which I am a co-author, titled «The inner edge of the habitable zone for synchronously rotating planets around low - mass stars using general circulation models.»

The factors and caveats that impact all of these different recorders are also widely available in the literature, and more recently isotope - enabled general circulation models have become more widely used in sync with observations (e.g., see Gavin Schmidt and others 2007 paper)

However, the general circulation models are, at present, timeconsuming and expensive to run, and, despite the known shortcomings of the one - dimensional models, most available predictions of climate change have been made using the simpler models.

General circulation models have generally excluded the feedback between climate and the biosphere, using static vegetation distributions and CO2 concentrations from simple carbon - cycle models that do not include climate change6.

Using a complex coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model (ECHAM5 / MPI - OM) climate response experiments with enhanced small - scale fluctuations are performed.

In response, Armstrong et al. (Interfaces, 38 (5): 382 - 405, 2008) questioned the General Circulation Models (GCMs) upon which U.S.G.S. analyses relied; challenged the independence of U.S.G.S. from the policy process; and criticized the methods used by the U.S.G.S. to project the future status of polar bears.

«Mercado et al. use the HadGEM2 - A general circulation model to simulate the effect of late twentieth century «global dimming» and associated increases in the diffuse radiation fraction on global carbon storage.»

The factors and caveats that impact all of these different recorders are also widely available in the literature, and more recently isotope - enabled general circulation models have become more widely used in sync with observations (e.g., see Gavin Schmidt and others 2007 paper)

Comparing different general circulation climate models these researchers find it is actually only the (often - used) Hadley Centre model that forces vegetation models to a biome switch:

An increased number of simulations using EMICs or Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) that are the same as, or related to, the models used in simulations of the climates of the 20th and 21st centuries are available for these peModels (AOGCMs) that are the same as, or related to, the models used in simulations of the climates of the 20th and 21st centuries are available for these pemodels used in simulations of the climates of the 20th and 21st centuries are available for these periods.

Precipitation extremes and their potential future changes were predicted using six - member ensembles of general circulation models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5).

The ensemble and seasonal forecast systems use a coupled atmosphere - ocean model, which includes a simulation of the general circulation of the ocean and the associated coupled feedback processes that exist.

We have investigated the coupled chemistry - climate response to projected emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone - depleting halogens over time, using the NASA GISS general circulation model, incorporating simple chemistry.

In the paper, according to the abstract, Scafetta compares the performance of a recently proposed empirical climate model based on astronomical harmonics against all CMIP3 available general circulation climate models (GCM) used by the IPCC (2007) and finds that the climate appears to be resonating with, or is synchronized to, a set of natural harmonics that have been associated to the solar system planetary motion.

This project used a compiled set of emission and forcing scenarios called the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) to drive a group of the most complex climate available, so - called Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Models.

The three successive IPCC reports (1991 [2], 1996, and 2001 [3]-RRB- concentrated therefore, in addition to estimates of equilibrium sensitivity, on estimates of climate change over the 21st century, based on several scenarios of CO2 increase over this time interval, and using up to 18 general circulation models (GCMs) in the fourth IPCC Assessment Report (AR4)[4].

Computer simulations of the climate, referred to as «general circulation models» (GCMs), can be used to assess the sensitivity of climate to changes that might result from increased greenhouse gases.

Here a simple biologically and physically - based model of sapflow potential is used to assess observed changes in sapflow across the Northeastern US from 1980 to 2006; document the correspondence between these observations and independent downscaled atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations of conditions during this period; and quantify changes in sapflow potential through 2100.

In the RCPs, the concentration of greenhouse gases is fixed at different times in the future and the climate model (or general circulation model or GCM) uses those atmospheric concentrations to calculate future climate states.

Our proxy records are compared with climate model simulations using a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model.

Using radiation modeling we estimated how strong the climate forcing would be for each scenario, and then ran general circulation models to see how that forcing would change the climate.

We applied the same method used in the observational analysis on general circulation model data to decrease the statistical uncertainty at the expense of an increased systematic uncertainty.

More complex examples (General Circulation Models) attempt to represent everything — clouds, air movement, rain, shrinking ice, ocean heat, as well as the interaction between all these things, which in effect define climate — as well as use archive information to model climates from the past, in order to make predictions for the future.

These computer programs, called General Circulation Models (GCMs), use various assumptions about physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur within Earth's atmosphere and oceans and on its land surfaces.

Seven global vegetation models are used to analyze possible responses to future climate simulated by a range of general circulation models run under all four representative concentration pathway scenarios of changing concentrations of greenhouse gases.

Detection / attribution assessments, using General Circulation Models (GCMs) or Energy Balance Models (EBMs) with geographical distributions of surface temperature trends, suggest that the solar influence on climate is greater than would be anticipated from radiative forcing estimates.

And for sure we are driven to keep modeling like crazy (on some else's dime) like hysterical people building Towers of Babel despite the fact if there is any true substance to general circulation models (GCMs)-- i.e., the mathematical models Western government scientists use only to indict humanity for living — it is well disguised.

We use an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with a well - resolved stratosphere called the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 4 (WACCM4; with specified chemismodel (AGCM) with a well - resolved stratosphere called the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 4 (WACCM4; with specified chemisModel version 4 (WACCM4; with specified chemistry).

They are also used as a boundary condition for atmospheric reanalyses and atmosphere only general circulation models (IPCC 2007).

Tom Wigley supervised his PhD titled, «Regional Validation of General Circulation Models» that used three top computer models to recreate North Atlantic conditions where data wasModels» that used three top computer models to recreate North Atlantic conditions where data wasmodels to recreate North Atlantic conditions where data was best.

She and colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts used the NASA GISS ocean model and the MIT General Circulation Model to simulate one of the Atlantic's major current systems that delivers absorbed heat and gases to the demodel and the MIT General Circulation Model to simulate one of the Atlantic's major current systems that delivers absorbed heat and gases to the deModel to simulate one of the Atlantic's major current systems that delivers absorbed heat and gases to the depths.

the agreement between the simulated and observed global temperature is often used as a supporting argument in the model evaluation process, and certainly as a visual demonstration of consistency between the theoretical understanding of the climate system, its implementation in general circulation climate model models (GCMs) and the observed trends [IPCC, 2007, Fig.

We present a description of the ModelE2 version of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) General Circulation Model (GCM) and the configurations used in the simulations performed for the...

Here we use a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model to simulate the climate of the mid-Pliocene warm period (about three million years ago), and analyse the forcings and feedbacks that contributed to the relatively warm temperatures.

This climate modeling experiment was performed using the GISS ModelE general circulation coupled atmosphere - ocean climate model by zeroing out all of the non-condensing greenhouse gases.