Not exact matches
CMIP was established as a resource for climate modelers, providing a standard protocol for studying the output of coupled atmosphere -
ocean general circulation models so that these
models can be compared and validated.
This corresponds in scope (not un-coincidentally) to the atmospheric component of
General Circulation Models (GCMs) coupled to (at least) a mixed - layer
ocean.
Our
general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian
Ocean and Asia3, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.
(Top left) Global annual mean radiative influences (W m — 2) of LGM climate change agents, generally feedbacks in glacial - interglacial cycles, but also specified in most Atmosphere -
Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) simulations for the LGM.
Simulations with
general circulation ocean models do not fully support the gas exchange - sea ice hypothesis.
Jin, X.Z., X.H. Zhang, and T.J. Zhou, 1999: Fundamental framework and experiments of the third generation of the IAP / LASG World
Ocean General Circulation Model.
Six, K.D., and E. Maier - Reimer, 1996: Effects of plankton dynamics on seasonal carbon fluxes in an
ocean general circulation model.
This year we received 14 June SIO submissions from dynamical
models, of which 3 were from ice -
ocean models forced by atmospheric reanalysis or other atmospheric
model output and 12 were from fully - coupled
general circulation models.
In an ensemble of fully coupled atmosphere -
ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations of the late Paleocene and early Eocene, we identify such a
circulation - driven enhanced intermediate - water warming.
Diansky, N.A., and E.M. Volodin, 2002: Simulation of the present - day climate with a coupled atmosphere -
ocean general circulation model.
Robertson, A.W., 2001: Influence of
ocean - atmosphere interaction on the Arctic Oscillation in two
general circulation models.
Schiller, A., U. Mikolajewicz, and R. Voss, 1997: The stability of the North Atlantic thermohaline
circulation in a coupled
ocean - atmosphere
general circulation model.
Using the adjoint of an
ocean general circulation model, I try to understand the local and remote processes that generate temperature anomalies in the Nordic Seas on different timescales and their potential contribution to decadal climate predictability.
Atmosphere -
Ocean General Circulation Models are able to simulate extreme warm temperatures, cold air outbreaks and frost days reasonably well.
Yu, Y., Z. Zhang, and Y. Guo, 2004: Global coupled
ocean - atmosphere
general circulation models in LASG / IAP.
Knowledge of dominant scales associated with mesoscale eddies enables a better understanding of the resolution requirements for the Coupled
Model Intercomparison Project, the framework used for comparison of global coupled
ocean - atmosphere
general circulation models.
The Met Office Hadley Centre (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research) climate change
model, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater than
model, Hadley Centre Coupled
Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater than
Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere -
ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater than
model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater than B1).
There is considerable confidence that Atmosphere -
Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) provide credible quantitative estimates of future climate change, particularly at continental and larger scales.
This corresponds in scope (not un-coincidentally) to the atmospheric component of
General Circulation Models (GCMs) coupled to (at least) a mixed - layer
ocean.
Using a complex coupled atmosphere -
ocean general circulation model (ECHAM5 / MPI - OM) climate response experiments with enhanced small - scale fluctuations are performed.
This term often requires additional qualification (e.g., as to whether or not the atmosphere is fully coupled to an
ocean — see «Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model&raq
ocean — see «Atmosphere -
Ocean General Circulation Model&raq
Ocean General Circulation Model»).
Recent 20 experiments with a fully coupled atmosphere —
ocean climate
general circulation model (GCM) supported this scenario (Lunt et al., 2011).
«GCM —
General Circulation Model (sometimes Global Climate
Model) which includes the physics of the atmosphere and often the
ocean, sea ice and land surface as well.»
The output from all the atmosphere - ice -
ocean - land coupled
general circulation models (GCMs) is hosted in the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory database.
A vast array of thought has been brought to bear on this problem, beginning with Arrhenius» simple energy balance calculation, continuing through Manabe's one - dimensional radiative - convective
models in the 1960's, and culminating in today's comprehensive atmosphere -
ocean general circulation models.
We employed two different climate
model simulations: (1) the simulation of the NCAR CSM 1.4 coupled atmosphere - ocean General Circulation Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance Model (
model simulations: (1) the simulation of the NCAR CSM 1.4 coupled atmosphere -
ocean General Circulation Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance Model (
Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance
Model (
Model (EBM).
As noted in that post, RealClimate defines the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation («AMO») as, «A multidecadal (50 - 80 year timescale) pattern of North Atlantic
ocean - atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulat
ocean - atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere -
Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulat
Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulations.
Modelling of the biological system, however, has been more challenging, and it has only been recently that primitive ecosystem
models have been incorporated in global
general circulation ocean models.
Development of
models for the
general circulation of the
ocean started later, but has proceeded in a similar manner.
An atmospheric
general circulation model coupled to a simple mixed layer
ocean was forced with altered implied
ocean heat transports during a period of increasing trace gases.
Our
general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian
Ocean and Asia, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.
Abstract: «The patterns of time / space changes in near - surface temperature due to the separate forcing components are simulated with a coupled atmosphere —
ocean general circulation model»
This thesis presents the results of several
general circulation model simulations aimed at studying the effect of
ocean circulation changes when they occur in conjunction with increased atmospheric trace gas concentrations.
«A
General Circulation Experiment with a Coupled Atmosphere,
Ocean and Sea Ice
Model.»
«Seasonal Cycle Experiments on Climate Sensitivity Due to a Doubling of CO2 with an Atmospheric
General Circulation Model Coupled to a Simple Mixed Layer
Ocean Model.»
Experiments with coupled
ocean - atmosphere
general circulation models (which represent the complexity of the climate system much more realistically than this simple
model) give similar results.
An increased number of simulations using EMICs or Atmosphere -
Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) that are the same as, or related to, the models used in simulations of the climates of the 20th and 21st centuries are available for these pe
Models (AOGCMs) that are the same as, or related to, the
models used in simulations of the climates of the 20th and 21st centuries are available for these pe
models used in simulations of the climates of the 20th and 21st centuries are available for these periods.
To investigate the effects of CO2 emissions on
ocean pH, we forced the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
ocean general -
circulation model (Fig. 1a) with the pressure of atmospheric CO2 (pCO2) observed from 1975 to 2000, and with CO2 emissions from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's IS92a scenario1 for 2000 — 2100.
Thus Figure 1 depicts the IPCC TAR Scenario A2 temperature projection based on a simple climate
model which was tuned to the seven Atmosphere -
Ocean General Circulation Models (AOCGMs).
Rowlands (2012) write, «Here we present results from a multi-thousand-member perturbed - physics ensemble of transient coupled atmosphere —
ocean general circulation model simulations.
«Climate Sensitivity Due to Increased CO2: Experiments with a Coupled Atmosphere and
Ocean General Circulation Model.»
«Development of Global Coupled
Ocean - Atmosphere
General Circulation Models.»
People convinced as to the accuracy of AO - GCM (Atmosphere
Ocean General Circulation Model) simulations may believe that these provide acceptable estimates of S, but even the IPCC does not deny the importance of observational evidence.
Although previous studies have offered a
general global overview of water
circulation between the
oceans and land, this traditional two - region
model does not take into account the considerable precipitation that occurs over tropical coastal regions, including the Indonesian maritime continent, the Indian subcontinent, and the Bay of Bengal.
The ensemble and seasonal forecast systems use a coupled atmosphere -
ocean model, which includes a simulation of the
general circulation of the
ocean and the associated coupled feedback processes that exist.
But certainly
models with such a grand name as «
General Circulation Model», would include average diurnal atmospheric circulation patterns in tropics, and diurnal and seasonal patterns at latitudes outside the tropics, as well as heat transfer to the de
Circulation Model», would include average diurnal atmospheric
circulation patterns in tropics, and diurnal and seasonal patterns at latitudes outside the tropics, as well as heat transfer to the de
circulation patterns in tropics, and diurnal and seasonal patterns at latitudes outside the tropics, as well as heat transfer to the deeper
ocean.
This project used a compiled set of emission and forcing scenarios called the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) to drive a group of the most complex climate available, so - called Atmosphere
Ocean General Circulation Models.
The researchers, from the University of Southampton and the National Oceanography Centre of Southampton, sought to investigate the long - term fate of carbon that reaches the deep
ocean, employing an
ocean general circulation model to conduct particle - tracking experiments.
Here a simple biologically and physically - based
model of sapflow potential is used to assess observed changes in sapflow across the Northeastern US from 1980 to 2006; document the correspondence between these observations and independent downscaled atmosphere
ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations of conditions during this period; and quantify changes in sapflow potential through 2100.
Due to computational constraints, the equilibrium climate sensitivity in a climate
model is usually estimated by running an atmospheric
general circulation model coupled to a mixed - layer
ocean model, because equilibrium climate sensitivity is largely determined by atmospheric processes.