Eight assessments
generate valid estimates of U.S. national reading performance: the Main NAEP, given at three grades (fourth, eighth, and 12th grades); the NAEP Long Term Trend (NAEP - LTT), given at three ages (ages nine, 13, and 17); the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), an international assessment given at fourth grade; and the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), an international assessment given to 15 - year - olds.
Regrettably, we could not specifically compare immigrant and native Hispanics; there are not enough data about older U.S. - born Hispanics to
generate statistically
valid estimates of total life expectancy for the purposes of comparison.
A similar model, allied with a bootstrapping exercise to quantify sampling error, was used to
generate estimated Amazon - wide abundances of the 4962
valid species in the data set.