Further development of our current study would significantly contribute to the production of not only second - generation but also third -
generation biofuel ethanol.
Not exact matches
The first -
generation biofuel, industrialized,
ethanol, is produced from foodstuffs like maize, and thus poses great concern about a possible future shortage of food.
But the problem is that most of the
ethanol we have right now is when it is talked about it being a first
generation biofuel; that is that
ethanol fuel is coming from the fermentation of sugars from crops like corn.
Stock says the debate between agriculture and oil interests over
ethanol has been needlessly divisive, and that the EPA under Pruitt should instead turn its focus to «second -
generation»
biofuels that do not provoke such bitter fights.
Now, Brazil hopes to tap into a new
biofuel source: second -
generation ethanol, produced from the tough cellulose in plant stalks.
Next -
generation biofuels could, unlike corn
ethanol, completely replace petroleum - based fuels in the gas tanks of existing cars, trucks, and planes.
For years we've been promised the next
generation of
biofuels, made from waste cellulose, but we have yet to see it replace corn
ethanol.
Some green activists supported mandates for
biofuel, hoping they would pave the way for next -
generation ethanol, which would use non-food plants.
The authors added, «[O] ur analysis shows that carbon releases from the soil after planting corn for
ethanol may in some cases completely offset carbon gains attributed to
biofuel generation for at least 50 years.»
«Depending on prior land use, our analysis shows that carbon releases from the soil after planting corn for
ethanol may in some cases completely offset carbon gains attributed to
biofuel generation for at least 50 years,» they note.
Researchers continue to struggle to develop «second
generation»
biofuels that they hope will use enzymes to turn cellulose from wood and crop waste into
ethanol.
So, more attention and resources are going into the producing of
ethanol and other
biofuel types from second -
generation feedstocks, sometimes known as non-food crops.
Reasonable questions are being raised regarding the sustainability of corn - based
ethanol, and even 2nd
generation industrial plantation based
biofuel and biochar production; given finite land, fertilizers and water, and in the face of exponential increases in population and demand for energy.
With the reputation of first
generation biofuels like corn
ethanol darkly tarnished, the move is on to develop second -
generation biofuels that
The most water - efficient energy sources are natural gas (though we may be just about out of it) and synthetic fuels produced by coal gasification; the least efficient are
ethanol and biodiesel — the
biofuels just can't catch a break these days, can they?Water use winners and losers The research pair analyzed 11 types of energy sources, including coal, fuel
ethanol, natural gas, and oil; and five power generating methods, including hydroelectric, fossil fuel thermoelectric, and nuclear methods; in terms of power
generation, Younos and Hill have found that geothermal and hydroelectric energy types use the least amount of water, while nuclear plants use the most.
(Note that the study did not look at first
generation biofuels made from tropical crops like sugarcane or sweet sorghum which reduce emissions far more than corn
ethanol; for sugarcane
ethanol, the reduction is as large as that of cellulosic
biofuels, earlier post.)