Sentences with phrase «genes are active»

Since the discovery was made by a group of 19th century German scientists, we have also learnt that the nature of a particular body tissue is determined by its constituent cells, which are, in turn, determined by which genes are active in their DNA.

«But in recent years we've developed much more sensitive methods of analysis that allow us to see which genes are active in individual cells.

In the different cell types of the body, different protein producing genes are active or inactive, and many medical conditions also depend on altered activity of specific genes.

Pancreatic cancer researchers found previously unspotted mutations in promoters, portions of the genome that regulate when genes are active.

Several recent studies have shown that cells can be returned to pluripotent state using «defined factors» (specific proteins that control which genes are active in a cell), a technique pioneered by Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, a professor at Kyoto University in Japan.

«The authors went on to study the resulting blastocysts for aneuploidy (frequency of abnormal chromosomes), and pattern of gene expression (which genes are active and at what level).

Specifically, they analyzed the tumors» epigenome, an array of molecules that covers the surface of DNA and helps regulate gene activity, acting like a control switch to decide which genes are active or inactive in the cell.

To study which genes are active and which are dormant, they use the brute repetition of sequencing steps to capture an adequate number of messenger RNA sequences, which are transcribed from switched - on genes.

Where the chromatin is expanded and open, the genes are active.

A collaboration between professors Joakim Lundeberg, KTH Royal Institute of Technology / SciLifeLab and Jonas Frisén, Karolinsk Institutet, has resulted in a novel high - resolution method for studying which genes are active in a tissue.

If a soil sample contains bacterial genes that produce enzymes used to convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into solid carbon, and these genes are active, researchers can conclude that microbes within the sample are actively storing carbon.

Transcription factors determine which genes are active at what time and in which conditions and consequently have a critical role in organisms.

Gene sequencing provides an organism's genome sequence, but gene expression profiling reveals where and when in the body certain genes are active.

How these self - promoting genes jump to these prime locations remains a mystery, but the researchers believe it may have to do with the DNA's three - dimensional structure in particular areas that allows for genetic rearrangement when the genome is being copied or when certain genes are active.

In the cells of humans and other organisms, only a subset of genes are active at any given time, depending largely on the stage of life and the particular duties of the cell.

The Allen Spinal Cord Atlas, which will be available online for free in early 2009, will map out which genes are active in which locations along the spine in mice, which share 90 percent of their genetic material with humans.

What makes a horse different from a tiger, a mouse and a walrus is the set of regulatory switches in the DNA that dictate where, when and for how long those genes are active.

Only some of the plant's 30,000 genes are active in a given root cell at a given time, thanks to proteins called transcription factors that turn genes on and off as needed.

Many specialized and overlapping mechanisms have evolved to assure that genes are active only when they should be.

Hayashi and her colleagues have recently identified which silk genes are active in each of the golden orb - weaver's seven types of glands.

Many of the eight genes are active during brain development and may play a role in neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, Sanders says.

In most animals, these HOX genes are active only in a small section of the backbone, where ribs sprout from the spinal column.

Such an epigenetic change might permanently alter which genes are active in the brains of those mice.

These variants are found in very different places in the genome: version H3.1 is found only in parts of the genome where genes are not being activated; version H3.3 is present only in places where genes are active.

Everything from the temperature where a body is found to the deceased's age could potentially affect how many and which genes are active after death.

Expression analyses revealed that these genes are active almost exclusively in testicular germ cells, where, at a minimum, they likely contribute to sperm production.

By taking a sort of molecular snapshot of an astrocyte's ribosomes, it's possible to see all the mRNA copies in progress and thus know which genes are active.

The two closely related regulatory genes are active in the normal development of mammals and govern how RNAs produced from the genes are joined to make final versions of the encoded protein, a process called alternative splicing.

By tallying the various RNA molecules in a cell, researchers can tell which genes are active — or «expressed» — and to what degree.

The scientists then scanned the samples using microarray technology, which cuts genetic material into segments to provide a snapshot of which genes are active and which are asleep inside the cells.

He has been able to piggyback on previous work on the development of the chick embryo: When researchers interested in some process use a stain to show gene activity, the stain affects the whole embryo, providing clues about which genes are active in tail growth.

Prof. Khatri and his team studied the way the immune system responds to infection by looking at gene expression — which genes are active and which are not — and whether there are differences in patients with malaria compared to other infectious diseases.

Throughout the entire lifespan of an organism, the genetic information has to be read correctly to ensure that genes are active at the right time and in the right cells.

The per and tim genes are active until concentrations of their proteins become high enough that the two begin to bind to each other.

By combining each mouse's genome, phenome, proteome and metabolome, the scientists were able to identify a particular gene, located on their chromosome 2, and whose presence plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes «The mice with a high - fat diet are more or less likely to develop diabetes depending on whether this gene is active or not,» said Evan Williams, LISP PhD student and the article's co-first author.

In fact, Shatz observed no actual MHCI proteins when she first examined those fetal cat LGNs; what she found were biochemical signs indicating that MHCI genes were active.

Shatz wanted to know what genes were active in the LGN when the retina sent its prenatal signaling waves.

The team then analysed the structures to work out which genes were active.

At night, the period gene is active, making period mRNA that heads to the cell's cytoplasm to direct production of PER, the period protein.

After two months the gene was active in 21 per cent of cells, Kobinger told New Scientist.

The kidneys of those mice were markedly enlarged and continued to grow as long as the Lin28 gene was active.

They found a distinctive subset of genes was active in the nonresponsive bees.

Sitting on top of the serotonin transporter's DNA (and studding the entire genome), are chemical marks called methyl groups that help regulate where and when a gene is active, or expressed.

In the fruit fly, the gene is active in fat bodies — which function as the liver in insects — as well as the midgut, antennae, and cells called oenocytes, which appear to store glycogen.

But in the pythons, the HOX genes were active from the top of the spinal column to skeletal remnants of the hind limbs, says Cohn, explaining why snakes have ribs along almost their whole body length.

Next, they used a method called in situ hybridization to pin down where in the leg those 80 - 90 genes were active.

«This gene is active only in fat tissue and no other tissue when it comes to its effect on type 2 diabetes,» noted Civelek, of UVA's Department of Biomedical Engineering and UVA's Center for Public Health Genomics.

In addition, Bettina Malnic of Harvard determined which receptor genes were active in individual nerve cells to learn which odor receptors were present in each.

By that time, the sex - inducing gene was active and the volvox began making male and female gametes instead of asexual ones, the group reports online 9 June in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, B.

They analyzed which genes were active in different areas of developing mouse brains to identify those that were «turned on» only in the SCN.