Sentences with phrase «genes between organisms»

Not exact matches

He had noted subtle variations between the resistance genes he pulled out of soil organisms and their doppelgängers in disease - causing bacteria.

Data published by the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium indicate that somewhere between 113 and 223 genes present in bacteria and in the human genome are absent in well - studied organisms — such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans — that lie in between those two evolutionary extremes.

Sequencing the genome of one such organism, King and her colleagues found genes that code for pieces of the same proteins used for the binding of cells and communication between cells in animals — functions that would be unexpected in such an organism.

The relationship is non-linear because phenotype, or set of observable characteristics, is determined by a complex interplay between an organism's genes — tens of thousands of them, all influencing one another's behaviour — and its environment.

Connections between genes and their outputs (top, left) or within omic layers (bottom, left) can provide some clues to what's happening inside an organism.

The basic idea behind this «molecular clock» technique is that the distance between the same genes on two different organisms represents the time it took for the second organism to evolve from the first.

Rapidly evolving genes are often a signature of a molecular arms race between organisms sharing an environment.

This confirms aging theories assuming a tradeoff between fast growth and long lifespan: Those genes that make an organism mature fast, contribute to an accelerated aging and a short lifespan later - on, given that they can not be completely de-activated after maturation and, thus, harm the adult organism.

Moreover, comparisons between these genes and the genes in other organisms revealed several other surprises.

He reasoned that he could examine a limited number of genes that are present in every organism, and by comparing those and counting the differences between them, he could get quantitative measures of the similarities in any two organisms.

Comparisons between the nucleotide makeup, or sequence, of particular genes allows scientists to see how closely they are related, and thus, group the organisms accordingly.

After acknowledging that there can be complicated interactions between genes, and that DNA insertion might influence regulatory networks involved in many genes, it also should be remembered that the original discovery of genes was only possible because disruption of a gene causes a limited set of changes to the organism, such as a change in eye colour.

To that end, he traces the evolutionary histories of genes from different organisms, in order to understand the biological forces that shape essential DNA elements and to understand the ongoing rivalry between pathogens and their hosts.

This resource provided cross-species candidate genes for mammalian phenotypes, including human diseases, and stimulated interactions between basic scientists working on various organisms and the medical genetics community.

This network funds pilot studies to expedite collaboration between the two groups, conduct model organism - based functional studies of disease gene variants, and develop new therapeutic strategies using model organisms.

Since regeneration recapitulates in broad strokes embryonic development, during which a complex multi-cellular organism develops from a handful of embryonic stem cells, the researchers began by comparing gene expression patterns between the two processes.

Cumulatively, and over time, these mechanisms lead to widespread gene flow between very different types of organisms, and recent advances in genomics show that transgenes are common and widespread in most, if not all lineages.

Transgenes are genes that have moved or been transferred between two different organisms, or lines by means other than sexual reproduction.

1) Plant - mediated gene silencing: Using plant - mediated gene silencing, scientists induce plants to transfer pieces of genetic material to other organisms, targeting and interfering with the interactions between plants and their pests at the genetic level.

While genetic engineering involves the exchange of genes between species, synthetic biology involves artificially creating new genetic code and inserting it into organisms.

Stanford University About Blog The Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) provides comprehensive integrated biological information for the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae along with search and analysis tools to explore these data, enabling the discovery of functional relationships between sequence and gene products in fungi and higher organisms.