Sentences with phrase «genes clustered with»

The dedicated tailoring enzymes are encoded by genes clustered with the assembly line genes for coordinated regulation.

Association and interaction analysis of variants in CHRNA5 / CHRNA3 / CHRNB4 gene cluster with nicotine dependence in African and European Americans

Not exact matches

Genetic Variants of the FADS1 FADS2 Gene Cluster Are Associated with Altered (n - 6) and (n - 3) Essential Fatty Acids in Plasma and Erythrocyte Phospholipids in Women during Pregnancy and in Breast Milk during Lactation

«It is an intriguing question as to how this Enterococcus strain acquired a botulinum neurotoxin gene cluster, what benefit it brings to this bacterium, and further work is required to explore the implications of our important finding with regard to the possibility of its transfer between bacteria.

The genes that encode the botulinum toxin protein along with accessory proteins that protect the botulinum toxin and ensure it functions, are organised as a gene cluster.

Recent advances combining the gene - editing tool CRISPR — Cas9 (for, clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats with a guiding enzyme called Cas9) are now making it easier for scientists to modify a genome such that nearly all offspring inherit the desired trait.

RNA sequencing of both single and clustered CTCs from breast cancer patients identified several genes expressed at elevated levels in CTC clusters, one of which — a protein called plakoglobin — also was overexpressed in the primary tumors of patients with reduced survival.

One gene cluster connected with the development of the pharynx in vertebrates and acorn worms is particularly interesting.

In trying to understand the sequential activation of the Hox - D genes, Duboule has come up with the novel idea that the timing is linked to the arrangement of the genes within the clusters.

Denis Duboule and his colleagues at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, working with mice, showed that genes in the Hox - D cluster, which define the head - to - tail body axis, are activated one after another and at a precise time during development of the embryo.

The software allowed them to cluster genes into groups associated with specific molecular processes and see which processes in tumors and blood cells were associated with each other.

Bioinformatic approaches to the analysis of genetic variability and complex genotype - phenotype relationships will moreover include gene sequence and database analyses, measures of association of haplotypes / genotypes with phenotype, clustering procedures, neuronal networks, fuzzy and other techniques in pattern recognition, similarity measures for discrete patterns (e.g., gene sequences, structures, functions), logistic regression methods, and a spectrum of other techniques.

Many cluster around sets of genes associated with growth, including 21 variants found in or near genes that regulate the building of bone.

«Promoter» areas, locations where genes begin to be expressed, must be paired precisely with «enhancer» clusters, where cells mature to a targeted function.

Breeders tend to rely on large clusters of genes that are associated with specific traits such as hardiness, tree shape or flowering.

The research team had previously identified a section of DNA adjacent to the HoxD gene cluster, which formed a particular 3D structure in order to interact with and activate certain Hox genes.

Because people in a region are more likely to marry and mate with each other — a factor that may be largely due to shared language — that gene pool will evolve as a separate cluster that corresponds to a place on the globe, he explains.

A new study published in the current issue of Biological Psychiatry, by researchers at Cardiff University School of Medicine and the University of Bristol, suggests that there is a spectrum of attention, hyperactivity / impulsiveness and language function in society, with varying degrees of these impairments associated with clusters of genes linked with the risk for ADHD.

Clustering these gene models with 13 other plant species resulted in 20,646 gene families, of which 1554 are predicted to be unique to conifers.

In their new study, the researchers looked for gene clusters associated with calcium - binding motifs similar to those in known antibiotics such as daptomycin and friulimicin, which require calcium for their antimicrobial action.

The authors next took 997 tumors in the discovery set, integrated copy number and gene expression data, and performed clustering analyses to identify subgroups of tumors with distinct features and clinical outcomes.

Brady and coworkers amplify and sequence bacterial DNA from environmental soil samples and then look for gene clusters that encode enzyme systems likely to biosynthesize natural products with preselected characteristics.

Smith quotes an article by Lawrence Hurst (Hurst and others 2004) to argue that only recently has the clustering of genes with related functions in chromosomes being recognised, and that biotechnologists ignore this concept.

The total (found also to be up - regulated during the «opposite» time point) and unique genes were clustered into biological processes descriptions with GeneMania website analysis portal.

We may share many genes with chimpanzees, but it's rare for them to cluster together in the same combinations.

All biological processes that were analyzed from total and unique genes were found with high significance of FDR p - value < 0.05, except of «connective tissue development» cluster within the biological process cartilage and bone biogenesis, with FDR p - value of 0.068.

We also clustered the pir genes from the same BLAST with TribeMCL44, using an inflation coefficient of 1.5.

Notably, the majority of the most highly conserved non-coding sequences in mammalian genomes are clustered near a small subset of genes with important roles in development.

bilaterians: A clade of animals whode members share: bilateral symmetry, are triploblastic (three tissue layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm), and with HOX genes in one or more clusters with the genes within a cluster arranged in the same order as the body parts they affect.

Another interesting local network structure is centered around CLU, a gene shown to be involved in AD based on genome - wide association studies, with genes in the integrin family, involved in cell adhesion, clustered around CLU.

The composition of the 10 different polysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters identified (7 with associated invertible promoters) suggests a mechanism of synthesis similar to the O - antigen capsules of Escherichia coli.

Genes that clustered together in that analysis were aligned with mafft37 (version 7.205, parameter — auto).

This revealed that both Satellite and Faeder males carry a «supergene» which is not a gene with superpower but a cluster of about 90 genes kept together by a chromosomal inversion which means that there is no genetic exchange between the three different variants.

Clusters with 3 or more genes (115 clusters) were documented and selected for further aClusters with 3 or more genes (115 clusters) were documented and selected for further aclusters) were documented and selected for further analysis.

The list of genes belonging to a cluster together with the heatmaps of individual transcripts, appear by clicking on the corresponding cluster.

By combining neuronal tracing with behavioral experiments leading to sensory - driven gene expression of the neuronal activity marker ZENK during magnetic compass orientation, we demonstrate a functional neuronal connection between the retinal neurons and Cluster N via the visual thalamus.

There are already well established databases within the consortium, the London Pain Database (LPD) and QUAST (DFNS, Germany): The LPD is used for datamining of functional genomics data to help identify individual genes and functional networks associated with chronic pain, QUAST on the other hand collects questionnaire data, clinical and neurophysiological findings and calculates valid clusters of phenotypes with different interaction patterns of sensory loss with and without different types of peripheral and central hyperalgesia based on QST (quantitative sensory testing) data.

To identify genes that cluster together under the tested conditions, we excluded probe sets with a standard deviation in expression values of < log2 (0.45) from the vector mean.

For example, clusters containing genes that are upregulated during the course of ES cell differentiation (Table 3) include in order of time of expression: cluster 30 that represents genes which take part in the formation of the three embryonic germ layers during gastrulation, i.e., Goosecoid, Cerberus like 1 homolog, Wnt3, Mesp1, Mixl1, mEomes and Even - skipped 1; cluster 15 containing molecular regulators of early mesoderm development including Bmp2, Bmp5, Msx1, Msx2, Cripto, Tbx20, Hey2, Smad6, Vegfr2 (Kdr), Foxf1 and Hand1; cluster 20, which comprises regulatory and structural genes linked to hemopoiesis such as Gata1, Nfe2, Klf1, Tie1, hemoglobins (Hba - x, Hbb - b1) and Glycophorin A; cluster 12, which is rich in genes involved in cardiac development, e.g., Mef2c, Myl4, cardiac Troponin T2, Tropomodulin 1, myosin binding protein C, Bves, Angiopoietin 1 and Angiopoietin 2; and, cluster 4, which consists mostly of genes associated with neuronal development and differentiation, for example, Neurog1, Neurog2, Olig2, Nkx6.1, Neurod4, Pou3f2, Pou3f4, Cacna2d3, Cacng4, Kcnq2 and EphA5.

These include: a) Global Clusters that consist of a small, tight subset of genes that are co-expressed under the entire spectrum of experimental conditions; b) Time Series of gene expression profiles during successive days of standard ES cell differentiation; c) Specific Gene Classes based on hierarchical clustering of transcriptional factors and ESTs; d) Expression Waves of genes with characteristic expression profiles during ES cell differentiation, juxtaposed to waves of genes that behave in the exact opposite way; e) Pathway Animations that illustrate dynamic changes in the components of individual KEGG signaling and metabolic pathways viewed in time - related manner; and, f) Search Engines to display the expression pattern of any transcript, or groups of transcripts, during the course of ES cell differentiation, or to query the association of candidate genes with various FunGenES database cClusters that consist of a small, tight subset of genes that are co-expressed under the entire spectrum of experimental conditions; b) Time Series of gene expression profiles during successive days of standard ES cell differentiation; c) Specific Gene Classes based on hierarchical clustering of transcriptional factors and ESTs; d) Expression Waves of genes with characteristic expression profiles during ES cell differentiation, juxtaposed to waves of genes that behave in the exact opposite way; e) Pathway Animations that illustrate dynamic changes in the components of individual KEGG signaling and metabolic pathways viewed in time - related manner; and, f) Search Engines to display the expression pattern of any transcript, or groups of transcripts, during the course of ES cell differentiation, or to query the association of candidate genes with various FunGenES database clustgene expression profiles during successive days of standard ES cell differentiation; c) Specific Gene Classes based on hierarchical clustering of transcriptional factors and ESTs; d) Expression Waves of genes with characteristic expression profiles during ES cell differentiation, juxtaposed to waves of genes that behave in the exact opposite way; e) Pathway Animations that illustrate dynamic changes in the components of individual KEGG signaling and metabolic pathways viewed in time - related manner; and, f) Search Engines to display the expression pattern of any transcript, or groups of transcripts, during the course of ES cell differentiation, or to query the association of candidate genes with various FunGenES database clustGene Classes based on hierarchical clustering of transcriptional factors and ESTs; d) Expression Waves of genes with characteristic expression profiles during ES cell differentiation, juxtaposed to waves of genes that behave in the exact opposite way; e) Pathway Animations that illustrate dynamic changes in the components of individual KEGG signaling and metabolic pathways viewed in time - related manner; and, f) Search Engines to display the expression pattern of any transcript, or groups of transcripts, during the course of ES cell differentiation, or to query the association of candidate genes with various FunGenES database clustersclusters.

In addition to well - described genes, clusters often contain transcripts the function of which has not yet been associated with a specific biological process thus providing novel unexplored links to known molecular pathways.

Inspection of the data illustrates that in many instances, hierarchical clustering grouped genes that have been functionally associated with particular developmental and / or cellular processes.

Clusters with more than 100 genes are listed separately on the top right corner.

Correlation of differentially expressed transcripts was detected by hierarchical clustering of expression values with the Cluster version 2.11 software [52] applying mean centering and normalization of genes and arrays before the computational clustering analysis.

They also identified genomic regions where BCAs seemed to cluster, including one narrow band in a region between genes, in which nine patients with similar neurodevelopmental conditions showed a breakpoint.

Specifically, we have generated clusters of transcripts that behave the same way under the entire spectrum of the sixty - seven experimental conditions; we have assembled genes in groups according to their time of expression during successive days of ES cell differentiation; we have included expression profiles of specific gene classes such as transcription regulatory factors and Expressed Sequence Tags; transcripts have been arranged in «Expression Waves» and juxtaposed to genes with opposite or complementary expression patterns; we have designed search engines to display the expression profile of any transcript during ES cell differentiation; gene expression data have been organized in animated graphs of KEGG signaling and metabolic pathways; and finally, we have incorporated advanced functional annotations for individual genes or gene clusters of interest and links to microarray and genomic resources.

The functional annotations of all the clusters with ≥ 10 transcripts, which were obtained using the on GO classification categories of the g: Profiler tool for all the genes in each cluster, are shown in Table 2 (for downregulated genes during ES cell differentiation) and Table 3 (for upregulated genes).

Unbiased clustering analysis of P (+) neurons revealed four different classes, each with distinct cell surface receptor gene expression profiles.

Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the 5,959 genes, using 100 random permutations, gave rise to 115 groups, containing a total number of 2,855 transcripts, with a probability of 95 % or higher that clustering was not random (Supplemental File S2).

Genes with high expression levels are clustered in genomic regions known as ridges.