Sentences with phrase «genetic letters»

Over the decades, synthetic biologists trying to expand life's genetic alphabet have come up with a handful of alternative genetic letters.

Surprisingly, other than adding a transporter protein that carried the new genetic letters into the bacteria, the team did not have to modify the cells at all.

To make a protein, the sequence of genetic letters in each gene gets copied into matching strands of RNA, which then float out of the nucleus to guide the protein - making machinery of the cell.

For instance, one study found that Icelandic girls with two genetic letter Ts at a spot near LIN28B experience menarche 2.4 months earlier, on average, than girls with two Cs at that site.

Both labs confirmed that the Porton Down «sugar» strains differed by only two genetic letters from the Ames Ancestor strain — a near identical matching.

«It is astounding that it could work at all,» says Aaron Leconte of Claremont McKenna College in California, who helped to design the new genetic letters but was not involved in the current project.

The clinching evidence came this past year, when biologist Carol Bult and her colleagues at the Institute for Genomic Research in Rockville, Maryland, deciphered the microbe's complete genetic sequence, consisting of 1.7 million genetic letters in its DNA.

«They have honorable intentions of regulation, but the genome has 6.4 billion genetic letters.

«It is astounding that it could work at all,» says Aaron Leconte of Claremont McKenna College in California, who helped to design the new genetic letters.

They found that occasional conversions of a genetic letter found in RNA into a slightly different form can cause a cell's protein - building machinery to roll right through a stop sign.

At the heart of the human genome's Lilliputian machinery is the two meters» worth of DNA that it takes to embody a person's 3 billion genetic letters, or nucleotides.

To figure out these processes, we must understand how those genetic letters collectively spiral about, coil, pinch off into loops, aggregate into domains and globules, and otherwise assume a nucleus - wide architecture.

Since 1953, when James Watson and Francis Crick revealed the structure of DNA, researchers have made spectacular progress in spelling out these genetic letters.

The higher - resolution contact maps enable the researchers to discern genomic structural features on the scale of 1,000 genetic letters — a resolution about 1,000 times finer than before.

The bacteria would need either to synthesize the new genetic letters themselves or to import them from the surrounding culture medium.

Over the next few decades, Hood and the smart people he worked with developed, among other things, a protein sequencer, which tells scientists which amino acids make up a given protein; a peptide synthesizer, which puts those amino acids together to form proteins; and an automated DNA sequencer, which gives scientists the genetic letters that spell out a given gene.

The DNA of Arabidopsis is made up of about 140 million bases, or genetic letters — adenine (A), guanine (G), and thymine (T) and cytosine (C)-- which are parceled into five chromosomes arbitrarily numbered one through five.