«People have always asked us, «Could you unpool»» once the DNA has been mixed, says
geneticist David Craig of the Translational Genomics Research Institute in Phoenix, Arizona.
ScienceInsider spoke with
geneticist David Altshuler of the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, who has led planning for the alliance, about its aims in this edited transcript:
This suggests that the Y chromosome has undergone «extraordinary» remodeling in both species in the 6 million years or so since they split from a common ancestor, says
geneticist David Page, director of the Whitehead Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge.
«I think it's a very impressive study, largely because they have such detailed information,» says population
geneticist David Tallmon of the University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau.
«You can count on the fingers of one hand» the number of researchers with topflight training in both fields, says
geneticist David Botstein of Stanford University in California, a co-chair of the advisory panel.
But such early mixing with Denisovans and Neandertals is at odds with genetic evidence from living Aborigines and nearby Melanesians, says population
geneticist David Reich of Harvard University.
As Harvard
geneticist David Altshuler wrote in response to one of Sebati's articles, «It's reassuring that differences between the races seem to be mostly skin deep.»
In another paper, a team led by population
geneticist David Reich of Harvard University comes to a similar conclusion after examining 300 genomes from 142 populations.
Geneticist David Reich and his colleagues estimate that the DNA of living Asians and Europeans is, on average, 2.5 percent Neanderthal.
Then again, you might be able to get the same benefit from occasionally sipping wine and munching on some peanuts, molecular
geneticist David Sinclair of Harvard University reported in September.
«Basically, everybody's myth is wrong, even the indigenous groups»,» says population
geneticist David Reich of Harvard University.
The study is the first time scientists have been able to move from genetic studies to a biological insight into schizophrenia risk, says
geneticist David Goldstein of Columbia University.
«This is a very exciting paper,» says
geneticist David Reich at Harvard University.
«This change is one that makes all humans different from other animals,» says developmental
geneticist David Kingsley, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at Stanford University.
Population
geneticist David Reich of Harvard University is struck by the magnitude of the mixing between Africans and Eurasians.
A team led by Stanford developmental
geneticist David Kingsley has been trying to unravel how a strain of mice called ank develop progressive ankylosis, or fusion of the bones, which completely immobilizes, and eventually kills, the animals by about 6 months of age.
But in a separate study,
geneticist David Page of the Whitehead Institute at MIT and his colleagues found that the chimp Y, the male sex chromosome, contains debilitating mutations in a number of genes.
One of the paper's senior authors,
geneticist David Reich of Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, publishes routinely in Nature and the Public Library of Science journals, and co-author Carlos Bustamante, of Stanford University School of Medicine in California, is a leader in the field.
«Evolution in wild populations is thus both simpler than many researchers would have predicted and more reproducible,» says vertebrate
geneticist David Kingsley of the Stanford University School of Medicine.
At Harvard University,
geneticist David Reich is applying a technique called admixture mapping to study the history of people of mixed descent, analyzing stretches of DNA to see where they come from and when mixing first occurred.
Progress may be slower on that front, Duke University
geneticist David Goldstein says.
Data analyses are ongoing, says University of Cambridge molecular
geneticist David Rubinsztein, one of the trial investigators.
The work, now posted on the bioRxiv preprint server, was done by a large team led by
geneticists David Reich and Iosif Lazaridis of Harvard Medical School in Boston and Wolfgang Haak of the University of Adelaide in Australia.
Not exact matches
The studies were conducted by international teams each containing more than 100 archaeologists and
geneticists and co-led by Harvard Medical School professor
David Reich.
The latest work, led by
geneticists Iñigo Olalde and
David Reich at Harvard Medical School, involved 103 researchers at dozens of institutions, including Bronze Age archaeologists.
Says
David Kurnit, a
geneticist at the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor, «I think it will turn out that [the gene] is very important in understanding Down syndrome.»
But when genetic, morphological, and behavioral differences all point to a new species, says
David Brown, the
geneticist whose study argued for dividing giraffes into six species, that is not rebranding.
«This is an important study that significantly narrows the subset of possibilities [for how the Americas were peopled],» says
David Reich, a
geneticist at Harvard Medical School in Boston.
«It's almost as if we had traveled back in time and sampled the same plant that gave rise to cultivated peanuts from the gardens of these ancient people,» said
David Bertioli, an International Peanut Genome Initiative, or IPGI, plant
geneticist of the Universidade de Brasília, who is working at UGA.
«We are relying on the idea that the stem cells will proliferate and differentiate into what we want,» says
David Chitayat, a medical
geneticist at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada.
David Ginsburg, a
geneticist at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, is equally cautious.
«There are certain classes of genes that modern humans inherited from the archaic humans with whom they interbred, which may have helped the modern humans to adapt to the new environments in which they arrived,» says senior author
David Reich, a
geneticist at Harvard Medical School and the Broad Institute.
«This is the best example that NF1 is a tumor suppressor,» says
David Viskochil, a
geneticist at the University of Utah, although he cautions that the case is not yet closed: There still could be other genes that play a role in NF tumor development.
«It may take us a decade to sort out longevity networks,» says
David Sinclair, a
geneticist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts.
«Prostate cancer is strikingly more common in African Americans [than white Americans],» says
David Thomas, a cancer
geneticist also at the Garvan Institute.
They are the first places
David Goldstein, a
geneticist at Columbia University in New York City who was not involved with the work, says he will look for connections to medical conditions.
David Reich, a
geneticist at the Harvard Medical School, has redrawn our species» family tree.
«There's no question that the whole system has become much more conservative over my lifetime,» says
David Botstein, a
geneticist at Princeton University who co-chairs NIH's TR01 study section with Yamamoto.
Similarly, animals with inactive versions of another member of the pathway called chico flit into extreme dotage, report
geneticists Linda Partridge and
David Gems of University College London and colleagues.
The list of signatories reads like a who's who of researchers in the field and includes such well - known
geneticists as Evan Eichler of the University of Washington, Seattle;
David Goldstein of Duke University; and Michael Hammer of the University of Arizona.
David Coltman, a wildlife
geneticist at the University of Alberta, decided to analyze the fabled hair sample using DNA analysis techniques.
The girl's lineage had less time to accumulate mutations, and the «missing evolution» suggests she died about 80,000 years ago, although the date is tentative, says co-author
David Reich, a population
geneticist at Harvard University.
Although more studies are needed to confirm a genetic link between anxiety and the promoter and its associated serotonin transporter gene, this DNA «is one of the best prospects for a gene in anxiety - related behaviors that we have,» says
David Goldman, a
geneticist at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in Rockville, Maryland.
«We've approached this as a straight, quantitative genetic problem,» explains
David Goldstein, a
geneticist at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, who led the study.
Seeking a genetic clue, a team led by
David Bonthron, a clinical
geneticist at the University of Leeds, U.K., went looking for the DNA glitch behind primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO).
«It's a reasonable hypothesis, because deaf people tend to marry deaf people,» says
David Kelsell, a
geneticist at Queen Mary and Westfield College in London, United Kingdom.
Geneticists Christa Martin and
David Ledbetter have been probing the relationship between mutations or recombination in the regions of the chromosome adjacent to telomeres and developmental disorders such as autism and mental retardation.
Panelists:
David E. Barton, PhD, Chief Molecular
Geneticist, National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Ireland
David E. Barton, PhD, Chief Molecular
Geneticist, National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Ireland
The difficult - to - obtain ancient DNA was extracted from a tiny ear bone — called the petrous — by a team led by Losif Lazaridis and
David Reich, two population
geneticists at Harvard Medical school.