Not exact matches
Equally transformative on the life science side, CRISPR and CAS enable rapid
editing of the
genome, and that will
change life sciences as radically as machine intelligence.
As for «playing God» — the argument that it is unethical to
change a pig in the way that
genome -
editing does — she retorts that «the highest moral standard is human life.
In 1975, the notion of using recombinant DNA to design human babies was too remote to seriously consider, but the explosion of powerful new
genome -
editing technologies such as CRISPR - Cas9, zinc fingers, and TALENs has
changed that.
Gene
editing could include altering genes in one person — say to treat leukemia in one patient or make a cosmetic
change — but, more controversially, it could also include making
changes to the germ line that would then alter the
genome for an individual's children, grandchildren and the following generations, with potentially unknown repercussions.
Many people have concerns about the possible use of
genome editing in humans, for example, about the risks of unintended effects due to off target DNA alterations, and the implications of making irreversible
changes that will be passed on to future generations.
The former target, say, using gene
editing techniques to inactivate HIV receptors and achieve resistance of blood cells to the virus (which Sangamo BioSciences is working on in clincial trials) is different than helping parents who both carry genes for Huntington's Disease to have a child that is free of the disease (a
change to the
genome that would be passed on to future generations and would likely not be very commonly needed).
Researchers worry that
genome editing could accidentally affect the wrong part of the
genome — a
change that would be permanent with a DNA base editor.
In a world - first, Japanese scientists have used the revolutionary CRISPR, or CRISPR / Cas9,
genome -
editing tool to
change flower colour in an ornamental plant.
They used the gene -
editing CRISPR / Cas9 technique to sift the
genomes of melanoma cells for
changes that made tumors resistant to being killed by immune T cells, which are the main actors in the immune system response against infections and cancer cells.
They hope that such a discussion would help the public understand the difference between
genome editing in a person's somatic cells — cells other than sperm and egg cells — and
editing in cells that could pass the
changes on to future generations, says Lanphier, who is president and CEO of Sangamo BioSciences in Richmond, California, a company that hopes to use gene -
editing technology to treat patients.
In it, they sound the alarm about new
genome -
editing techniques known as CRISPR and zinc - finger nucleases that make it much easier for scientists to delete, add, or
change specific genes.
We're getting much better at
editing DNA, with the help of easier and more precise techniques such as CRISPR, and we can now check those
changes with whole -
genome sequencing.
Caribou's market - leading CRISPR - Cas9 gene
editing technology can accurately target and cut DNA to produce precise and controllable
changes to the
genome, which can be applied by JAX to create mouse models that better recapitulate human diseases enabling researchers to find better treatments faster.
Dr. Zhang then turned to
genome editing strategies, whereby precise
changes to an organism's DNA can be made.
The most radical news at the conference was the first reported use of CRISPR / Cas9 to generate precise
genome edits (
changing only a single base pair) in two genes, not only in cell lines in vitro, but also in specific tissues of embryos in ovo.
Unlike the permanent
changes to the
genome required for DNA
editing, RNA
editing offers a safer, more flexible way to make corrections in the cell.
RNA
editing, which can alter gene products without making
changes to the
genome, has profound potential as a tool for both research and disease treatment.
CRISPR is ideal for inserting and deleting DNA sequences at targeted locations in a
genome, but base
editing has the edge for single - base
changes.
Ethicists have renewed the call for caution in handling gene -
editing CRISPR, which has the potential not only to cure congenital and other serious illnesses but also can make permanent
changes in human
genome that can be heritable by a person's offspring.
Her game -
changing technology takes a mysterious bacterial genetic code and transforms it into a powerful tool for cutting and pasting bits of genetic material — meaning not only could the entire field of gene therapy be revived, but her
genome -
editing tool could one day be used to treat a range of diseases, from cancer and AIDS to hereditary disorders like Down syndrome and Huntington disease.